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Multifocal Sporotrichosis Associated with Armadillo Hunting in Midwest Brazil: An In-Depth Case Study and Comprehensive Literature Analysis

Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic Sporothrix species commonly found in soil, mosses, and decaying plant matter. The lymphocutaneous manifestation, historically associated with occupational activities and sapronotic transmission, has recently been obser...

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Published in:Mycopathologia (1975) 2024-08, Vol.189 (4), p.53, Article 53
Main Authors: Rodrigues, Anderson Messias, de Carvalho, Jamile Ambrósio, Nery, Andreia Ferreira, Hueb, Marcia, Garcia, Ivana, Guevara, Armando, de Camargo, Zoilo Pires, Hahn, Rosane Christine
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container_title Mycopathologia (1975)
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creator Rodrigues, Anderson Messias
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Nery, Andreia Ferreira
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Guevara, Armando
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Hahn, Rosane Christine
description Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic Sporothrix species commonly found in soil, mosses, and decaying plant matter. The lymphocutaneous manifestation, historically associated with occupational activities and sapronotic transmission, has recently been observed to also occur through animal contact, particularly notable in Brazil. We describe a rare case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis with simultaneous pulmonary complications resulting from the scratching of a southern three-banded armadillo, Tolypeutes matacus , primarily inhabiting the arid forests of South America's central region. Speciation using multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) established the etiological agent as S. schenckii s. str. , while amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis unveiled a novel genotype circulating in the Midwest of Brazil. The patient received treatment with itraconazole (200 mg/day) for two months, leading to substantial clinical improvement of cutaneous and pulmonary symptoms. This case highlights the critical role of animal-mediated transmission in sporotrichosis epidemiology, particularly within regions with diverse armadillo species. The unusual epidemiology and genetic characteristics of this case emphasize the need for enhanced awareness and diagnostic vigilance in atypical sporotrichosis presentations.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s11046-024-00854-1
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subjects Amplified fragment length polymorphism
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
Animals
Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use
Armadillos - microbiology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Brazil
Case Report
Epidemiology
Eukaryotic Microbiology
Gene polymorphism
Genotype
Humans
Itraconazole
Itraconazole - therapeutic use
Life Sciences
Male
Medical Microbiology
Microbial Ecology
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Mycosis
Plant Sciences
Sporothrix - classification
Sporothrix - genetics
Sporothrix - isolation & purification
Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis - diagnosis
Sporotrichosis - drug therapy
Sporotrichosis - microbiology
Sporotrichosis - transmission
Treatment Outcome
Vigilance
title Multifocal Sporotrichosis Associated with Armadillo Hunting in Midwest Brazil: An In-Depth Case Study and Comprehensive Literature Analysis
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