Tracing Immunological Interaction in Trimethylamine N‐Oxide Hydrogel‐Derived Zwitterionic Microenvironment During Promoted Diabetic Wound Regeneration

• Published in: Advanced materials (Weinheim) 2024-08, Vol.36 (33), p.e2402738-n/a
• Main Authors: Li, Zheng, Li, Longwei, Yue, Muxin, Peng, Qingyu, Pu, Xiong, Zhou, Yongsheng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptive systems; Biomedical materials; Diabetes; diabetic wound repair; Gene sequencing; Heterogeneity; Hydrogels; immune regulation; Immune system; Immunology; Macrophages; neutrophil extracellular traps; Neutrophils; single‐cell RNA sequencing; Trimethylamine; Wound healing; zwitterionic hydrogel; Zwitterions
• ISSN: 0935-9648; 1521-4095; 1521-4095
• DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402738

The diabetic wound healing is challenging due to the sabotaged delicate balance of immune regulation via an undetermined pathophysiological mechanism, so it is crucial to decipher multicellular signatures underlying diabetic wound healing and seek therapeutic strategies. Here, this work develops a strategy using novel trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO)‐derived zwitterionic hydrogel to promote diabetic wound healing, and explore the multi‐cellular ecosystem around zwitterionic hydrogel, mapping out an overview of different cells in the zwitterionic microenvironment by single‐cell RNA sequencing. The diverse cellular heterogeneity is revealed, highlighting the critical role of macrophage and neutrophils in managing diabetic wound healing. It is found that polyzwitterionic hydrogel can upregulate Ccl3+ macrophages and downregulate S100a9+ neutrophils and facilitate their interactions compared with polyanionic and polycationic hydrogels, validating the underlying effect of zwitterionic microenvironment on the activation of adaptive immune system. Moreover, zwitterionic hydrogel inhibits the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and promotes angiogenesis, thus improving diabetic wound healing. These findings expand the horizons of the sophisticated orchestration of immune systems in zwitterion‐directed diabetic wound repair and uncover new strategies of novel immunoregulatory biomaterials. This study presents a zwitterionic hydrogel for promoted diabetic wound healing by modulating multicellular heterogeneity and interaction of immune cells. This work finds that the zwitterionic hydrogel up‐regulates Ccl3+ macrophages and down‐regulates S100a9+ neutrophils; moreover, it suppresses NETs formation and boosts angiogenesis, thereby enhancing diabetic wound healing.