Appraising water resources for irrigation and spatial analysis based on fuzzy logic model in the tribal-prone areas of Bangladesh

• Published in: Environmental monitoring and assessment 2024-07, Vol.196 (7), p.641, Article 641
• Main Authors: Islam, Md. Shariful, Tripura, Udoy Jibon, Islam, Md. Saiful, Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul, Al Zihad, S. M. Rabbi, Khatun, Mst. Moriom, Hasan, Md. Mahadi, Lubna, Tuba Yasmin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural Irrigation - methods; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Bangladesh; Bicarbonates; Canals; Dissolved solids; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Ecotoxicology; Electrical conductivity; Electrical resistivity; Environment; Environmental Management; Environmental Monitoring; Farming; Fuzzy Logic; Geographic information systems; Geographical information systems; Groundwater; Groundwater - chemistry; Information systems; Irrigation; Irrigation water; Irrigation water quality; Magnesium; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Parameters; Permeability; Remote sensing; Rivers; Sodium; Sodium bicarbonate; Spatial Analysis; Surface water; Surface-groundwater relations; Sustainability; Sustainable agriculture; Total dissolved solids; Water analysis; Water chemistry; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Quality; Water Resources; Water sampling; Water wells; Weathering
• ISSN: 0167-6369; 1573-2959; 1573-2959
• DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12799-5

The lack of quality water resources for irrigation is one of the main threats for sustainable farming. This pioneering study focused on finding the best area for farming by looking at irrigation water quality and analyzing its location using a fuzzy logic model on a Geographic Information System platform. In the tribal-prone areas of Khagrachhari Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh, 28 surface water and 39 groundwater samples were taken from shallow tube wells, rivers, canals, ponds, lakes, and waterfalls. The samples were then analyzed for irrigation water quality parameters like electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), magnesium hazard ratio (MHR), Kelley’s ratio (KR), and permeability index (PI). Fuzzy Irrigation Water Quality Index (FIWQI) was employed to determine the irrigation suitability of water resources. Spatial maps for parameters like EC, KR, MH, Na%, PI, SAR, and RSBC were developed using fuzzy membership values for groundwater and surface water. The FIWQI results indicate that 100% of the groundwater and 75% of the surface water samples range in the categories of excellent to good for irrigation uses. A new irrigation suitability map constructed by overlaying all parameters showed that surface water (75%) and some groundwater (100%) in the northern and southwestern portions are fit for agriculture. The western and central parts are unfit for irrigation due to higher bicarbonate and magnesium contents. The Piper and Gibbs diagram also indicated that the water in the study area is magnesium-bicarbonate type and the primary mechanism of water chemistry is controlled by the weathering of rocks, respectively. This research pinpoints the irrigation spatial pattern for regional water resource practices, identifies novel suitable areas, and improves sustainable agricultural uses in tribal-prone areas.