Charcot's international visitors and pupils from Europe, the United States, and Russia

• Published in: Journal of the history of the neurosciences 2024-06, p.1-42
• Main Authors: Broussolle, Emmanuel, Reynolds, Edward H, Koehler, Peter J, Bogousslavsky, Julien, Walusinski, Olivier, Brigo, Francesco, Lorusso, Lorenzo, Boller, François
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0964-704X; 1744-5213; 1744-5213
• DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2350921

The foundation by (1825-1893) of the Salpêtrière School in Paris had an influential role in the development of neurology during the late-nineteenth century. The international aura of Charcot attracted neurologists from all parts of the world. We here present the most representative European, American, and Russian young physicians who learned from Charcot during their tutoring or visit in Paris or Charcot's travels outside France. These include neurologists from Great Britain and Ireland, the United States, Germany and Austria, Switzerland, Russia, Italy, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands, Scandinavia and Finland, Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, and Romania. Particularly emblematic among the renowned foreign scientists who met and/or learned from Charcot were , who had interactions with Paris University and contributed to the early development of British and American neurological schools; , who was admired by Charcot and influenced French neurology similarly as Charcot did on British neurology; , the pioneer in American neurology; , who was trained by Charcot to study patients with hysteria and then, back in Vienna, founded a new discipline called psychoanalysis; and almost all the founders of the Russian institutes of neurology who were instructed in Paris; and , who established the Romanian school of neurology and did major contributions thanks to his valuable relation with Charcot and French neurology.