Immunophenotype investigation in feline intestinal non-B-cell lymphoma

• Published in: Journal of comparative pathology 2024-07, Vol.212, p.20-26
• Main Authors: Wolfesberger, Birgitt, Gradner, Gabriele, Rütgen, Barbara C., Hittmair, Katharina M., Walter, Ingrid, Donovan, Taryn A., Kleiter, Miriam, Krischak, Alexander, Burgener, Iwan A., Fuchs-Baumgartinger, Andrea
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: cats; flow cytometry; granzyme B; immunohistochemistry; LGL lymphoma; non-B-cell lymphoma; WHO classification
• ISSN: 0021-9975; 1532-3129; 1532-3129
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.05.004

Lymphoma is the most common tumour of domestic cats, developing most frequently in the small intestine. Feline small intestinal lymphoma predominantly demonstrates a T-cell immunophenotype identified by standard immunopositivity for T cells with CD3 or immunopositivity for B cells with CD20. In contrast, a wide spectrum of immunohistochemical antibodies are applied in humans to diagnose the various specific lymphoma subtypes according to the WHO classification. Our aim was to augment our knowledge of immunophenotypes in feline non-B-cell lymphomas forming macroscopic masses in the intestinal tract. We evaluated the combined immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry findings from 15 cases. Neoplastic lymphoid cells were immunopositive for CD3 in 93% (14/15), granzyme B in 87% (13/15), CD5 in 20% (3/15), CD8 in 13% (2/15), CD4 in 7% (1/15) and CD56 in 7% (1/15) of cases. Cytotoxic granules indicating a cytotoxic origin of the neoplastic cells were identified by histopathology only in 13% (2/15) and by cytology in 47% (7/15) of the cases. Without immunohistochemical labelling of the cytotoxic protein granzyme B, the cytotoxic status would have been missed in 46% (6/13) of the cytological and in 85% (11/13) of the histopathological slides. These findings suggest that more complex immunophenotyping may advance our understanding and help prognosticate small intestinal T-cell lymphoma in cats.