Spatio-temporal distribution and source contributions of the ambient pollutants in Lucknow city, India

• Published in: Environmental monitoring and assessment 2024-08, Vol.196 (8), p.693, Article 693
• Main Authors: Saxena, Priya, Kumar, Ankit, Muzammil, Mohd, Bojjagani, Sreekanth, Patel, Devendra Kumar, Kumari, Alka, Khan, Altaf Husain, Kisku, Ganesh Chandra
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air Pollutants - analysis; Air pollution; Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data; Air quality; Air quality standards; Aluminum; Atmospheric particulates; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Barium; Beryllium; Biomass burning; Cadmium; Calcium; Chromium; Cities; Constituents; Copper; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Ecotoxicology; Entrainment; Environment; Environmental Management; Environmental Monitoring; Gaseous pollutants; High humidity; India; Iron; Lead; Lithium; Magnesium; Manganese; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Monsoons; Nickel; Nitrogen dioxide; Noise levels; Particulate matter; Particulate Matter - analysis; Particulate matter sources; Pollutants; Pollution levels; Reentrainment; Residential location; Seasons; Sodium; Spatial distribution; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Sulfur dioxide; Temporal distribution; Vehicle emissions; Vehicle Emissions - analysis; Wind; Zinc
• ISSN: 0167-6369; 1573-2959; 1573-2959
• DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12832-7

Clean air is imperative to the survival of all life forms on the planet. However, recent times have witnessed enormous escalation in urban pollution levels. It is therefore, incumbent upon us to decipher measures to deal with it. In perspective, the present study was carried out to assess PM 10 and PM 2.5 loading, metallic constituents, gaseous pollutants, source contributions, health impact and noise level of nine-locations, grouped as residential, commercial, and industrial in Lucknow city for 2019–21. Mean concentrations during pre-monsoon for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 and NO 2 were: 138.2 ± 35.2, 69.1 ± 13.6, 8.5 ± 3.3 and 32.3 ± 7.4 µg/m 3 , respectively, whereas post-monsoon concentrations were 143.0 ± 33.3, 74.6 ± 14.5, 12.5 ± 2.1, and 35.5 ± 6.3 µg/m 3 , respectively. Exceedance percentage of pre-monsoon PM 10 over National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) was 38.2% while that for post-monsoon was 43.0%; whereas corresponding values for PM 2.5 were 15.2% and 24.3%. Post-monsoon season showed higher particulate loading owing to wintertime inversion and high humidity conditions. Order of elements associated with PM 2.5 is Co