Building the African American/Black Community's Capacity to Elucidate Factors for High Smoking Rates in Jackson, MS: Results from Implementing a Community-Led Needs Assessment

• Published in: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities 2024-07
• Main Authors: Leung, Emily, Yazdi, Hanaan, Drayton, Maisha, Davis, David, Middleton, Dawn, Senter, Lindsay
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2197-3792; 2196-8837; 2196-8837
• DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02066-1

Although smoking has decreased dramatically over the last 50 years, reductions are uneven by race and income, specifically in the Southern United States. There is a need for intentional collaboration with communities located where large tobacco disparities exist to make lasting change. Using community-based participatory research principles, we provided intensive capacity building to a community advisory group (CAG) of 14 Jackson, MS, residents to conduct a community-led needs assessment. The aim of the community-led needs assessment was to investigate firsthand why the community smokes and the impacts of smoking-giving the CAG voice and choice to work towards reducing tobacco-related harms and inequities. From October 2020 to September 2021, CAG members conducted thirteen interviews and nine focus groups, reaching 54 residents. We analyzed the data using a thematic and in vivo approach. Participants reported smoking is used to cope with systemic socio-economic issues (e.g., racism, poverty). Smoking is normalized in the community through continued use, ease of purchase, visibility of tobacco retailers, and lack of conversations or questioning surrounding smoking. Participants felt that peer and family use, addiction, and inaccessible smoking resources were the most influential factors driving smoking behaviors. This community engagement approach empowered residents to design and implement a comprehensive needs assessment resulting in rich data-a needed approach for a community experiencing enduring health inequities. Communities need to be engaged and invested in from the beginning as equal partners to learn, investigate, and develop community-relevant and innovative solutions to address tobacco social norms.