Inhibitors of the tyrosine kinases FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 and WEE1 induce apoptosis and DNA damage synergistically in acute myeloid leukemia cells

• Published in: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy 2024-08, Vol.177, p.117076, Article 117076
• Main Authors: Hieber, Christoph, Mustafa, Al-Hassan M., Neuroth, Sarah, Henninger, Sven, Wollscheid, Hans-Peter, Zabkiewicz, Joanna, Lazenby, Michelle, Alvares, Caroline, Mahboobi, Siavosh, Butter, Falk, Brenner, Walburgis, Bros, Matthias, Krämer, Oliver H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AML; DNA replication stress; FLT3-ITD; Inhibitors; Synergism; WEE1
• ISSN: 0753-3322; 1950-6007; 1950-6007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117076

Hyperactive FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase-3 mutants with internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD) are frequent driver mutations of aggressive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Inhibitors of FLT3 produce promising results in rationally designed cotreatment schemes. Since FLT3-ITD modulates DNA replication and DNA repair, valid anti-leukemia strategies could rely on a combined inhibition of FLT3-ITD and regulators of cell cycle progression and DNA integrity. These include the WEE1 kinase which controls cell cycle progression, nucleotide synthesis, and DNA replication origin firing. We investigated how pharmacological inhibition of FLT3 and WEE1 affected the survival and genomic integrity of AML cell lines and primary AML cells. We reveal that promising clinical grade and preclinical inhibitors of FLT3 and WEE1 synergistically trigger apoptosis in leukemic cells that express FLT3-ITD. An accumulation of single and double strand DNA damage precedes this process. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses show that FLT3-ITD and WEE1 sustain the expression of the ribonucleotide reductase subunit RRM2, which provides dNTPs for DNA replication. Unlike their strong pro-apoptotic effects on leukemia cells with FLT3-ITD, inhibitors of FLT3 and WEE1 do not damage healthy human blood cells and murine hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of FLT3-ITD and WEE1 might become an improved, rationally designed therapeutic option. [Display omitted] •Inhibitors of FLT3 and WEE1 kill leukemia cells with FLT3-ITD synergistically.•Apoptosis is linked to altered regulation of BIM and MCL1.•DNA replication stress/DNA damage precede apoptosis; normal blood cells are spared.•Downregulation of RRM2 appears as molecular mechanism for DNA replication stress/damage.•FLT3, WEE1, and RRM2 are linked to cell proliferation and patient survival.