Phenolic Constituents with Glucose Uptake and GLUT4 Translocation Bioactivities from the Fruits of Cordia dichotoma

• Published in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2024-07, Vol.72 (29), p.16298-16311
• Main Authors: Wei, Feng, Zhang, Wenting, Kang, Shiwen, Liu, Pengxin, Yao, Yudi, Liu, Wenqi, Aikemu, Ainiwaer, Pang, Kejian, Yang, Xinzhou
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - chemistry; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; Animals; Bioactive Constituents, Metabolites, and Functions; Biological Transport - drug effects; Cell Line; Fruit - chemistry; Glucose - metabolism; Glucose Transporter Type 4 - genetics; Glucose Transporter Type 4 - metabolism; Humans; Molecular Structure; Phenols - chemistry; Phenols - metabolism; Phenols - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - metabolism; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Protein Transport; Rats
• ISSN: 0021-8561; 1520-5118; 1520-5118
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02672

From the fruits of Cordia dichotoma, 11 new phenolic compounds, dichotomins A-K, were isolated, together with 19 known compounds. Through the analysis of detailed NMR data and HRESIMS data, the planar structures of all compounds were confirmed. Using NMR calculations, the absolute configuration of dichotomins A-K was elucidated by comparing their observed and computed electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Dichotomin H (8) and dichotomin I (9) were determined as two pairs of enantiomers. The enantiomers of compounds 8 and 9 were separated using chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the stereostructure of each enantiomer was determined by similarly calculating the ECD. Compounds 3, 5, 7, 17, 18, 23–25, and 27–30 increased glucose uptake by 1.04- to 2.85-folds at concentrations of 30 μg/mL. Further studies revealed that compounds 3 and 5 had a moderate effect on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation activity in L6 cells. At 30 μg/mL, compound 3 significantly enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression. As a whole, compound 3 has the potential to be a drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).