Differential phagocytic expression of IC‐21 macrophages and their scavenging receptors during inflammatory induction by oxysterol: A microscopic approach

• Published in: Microscopy research and technique 2024-11, Vol.87 (11), p.2745-2756
• Main Authors: Duraisamy, Parimalanandhini, Ravi, Sangeetha, Martin, Livya Catherene, Kumaresan, Manikandan, Manikandan, Beulaja, Ramar, Manikandan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 7‐ketocholesterol; Animals; Antigens, CD - metabolism; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic - metabolism; B7-2 Antigen - metabolism; Cattle; CD68 Molecule; CD86 antigen; Cell activation; Cell Line; Cell surface receptors; Erythrocytes - drug effects; Erythrocytes - metabolism; Goats; Granule cells; Humans; Inflammation; Ketocholesterols - pharmacology; Lectins, C-Type - metabolism; lipopolysaccharide and aggregation; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Macrophages - drug effects; Macrophages - immunology; Macrophages - metabolism; Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects; Macrophages, Peritoneal - immunology; Macrophages, Peritoneal - metabolism; Mannose-Binding Lectins - metabolism; Mice; Oxysterols - metabolism; Peritoneum; Phagocytes; Phagocytosis; Phagocytosis - drug effects; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Receptors; Receptors, Scavenger - metabolism; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Scavenging
• ISSN: 1059-910X; 1097-0029; 1097-0029
• DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24647

Phagocytosis by macrophages dates back to a long history in science, this present study deals with new approaches that have been analyzed and standardized towards the interesting aspects of primary and secondary macrophages. The distinct morphological differences in primary and secondary phagocytic cells were observed and the phagocytic response of secondary macrophages under the influence of 7‐ketocholesterol and lipopolysaccharide was analyzed. The primary peritoneal and secondary IC‐21 cells unveiled explicit differences in nuclear numbers shapes and sizes of the granules present within the cytoplasmic region. Further, potent inducers 7KCh and LPS influenced an effective activation of IC‐21 macrophages and resulted in ROS generation, irregulated protein expressions of CD86, CD68, and CD206 with enhanced phagocytic responses towards goat, cow, and human RBC targets with significant phagocytic rate and index were observed. Moreover, a remarkable observation of target specificity and aggregations with IC‐21 phagocytic macrophages revealed the notion that specific membrane receptors and secretory molecules (lysosomes) are primarily involved in their phagocytic mechanism. Research Highlights IC‐21 macrophages are peritoneal origin from mice but the primary peritoneal macrophages and cell line show distinct differences. IC‐21 macrophages express target‐specific phagocytosis. Phagocytosis in IC‐21 macrophages is regulated by CD markers (68, 86, and 206). Morphological differences between the mice primary peritoneal macrophages and IC‐21 secondary macrophage cell line which serve as M2 phenotypic subset. IC‐21 macrophages upon activation with optimal 7KCh and LPS expressed M1 characteristics through increased phagocytosis and ROS generation with dysregulated scavenging receptors (CD68, 86, and 206).