Synergistic Thermal and Electron Wind Force-Assisted Annealing for Extremely High-Density Defect Mitigation

This study investigates the effectiveness of combined thermal and athermal stimuli in mitigating the extremely high-density nature of dislocation networks in the form of low-angle grain boundaries in FeCrAl alloy. Electron wind force, generated from very low duty cycle and high current density pulse...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2024-06, Vol.17 (13), p.3188
Main Authors: Rahman, Md Hafijur, Todaro, Sarah, Waryoba, Daudi, Haque, Aman
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alloys
Annealing
Cold
Cold rolling
Crack initiation
Crystal defects
Current density
Defect annealing
Defects
Dislocation density
Ferrous alloys
Grain boundaries
Heat resistant alloys
High density
High temperature
Hypotheses
Oxidation
Residual stress
Thickness
Wind forces
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Summary:This study investigates the effectiveness of combined thermal and athermal stimuli in mitigating the extremely high-density nature of dislocation networks in the form of low-angle grain boundaries in FeCrAl alloy. Electron wind force, generated from very low duty cycle and high current density pulses, was used as the athermal stimulus. The electron wind force stimulus alone was unable to remove the residual stress (80% low-angle grain boundaries) due to cold rolling to 25% thickness reduction. When the duty cycle was increased to allow average temperature of 100 °C, the specimen could be effectively annealed in 1 min at a current density of 3300 A/mm . In comparison, conventional thermal annealing requires at least 750 °C and 1.5 h. For specimens with 50% thickness reduction (85% low-angle grain boundaries), the electron wind force was again unable to anneal the defects even at 3300 A/mm current density and average temperature of 100 °C. Intriguingly, allowing average concurrent temperature of 200 °C eliminated almost all the low-angle grain boundaries at a current density of 700 A/mm , even lower than that required for the 25% thickness reduced specimens. Comprehensive electron and X-ray diffraction evidence show that alloys with extremely high defect density can be effectively annealed in less than a minute at approximately 200 °C, offering a substantial improvement over conventional high-temperature annealing.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma17133188