Sex as a Determinant of Age-Related Changes in the Brain

The notion of notable anatomical, biochemical, and behavioral distinctions within male and female brains has been a contentious topic of interest within the scientific community over several decades. Advancements in neuroimaging and molecular biological techniques have increasingly elucidated common...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-06, Vol.25 (13), p.7122
Main Authors: Burmistrov, Dmitriy E, Gudkov, Sergey V, Franceschi, Claudio, Vedunova, Maria V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Aging
Aging - physiology
Animals
Brain
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Brain - metabolism
Brain - physiology
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive ability
Estrogens
Female
Gender differences
Hormones
Humans
Information processing
Losses
Male
Metabolism
Metabolites
Morphology
Nervous system
Neurodegeneration
Quality of life
Sex Characteristics
Sex Factors
X chromosomes
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Summary:The notion of notable anatomical, biochemical, and behavioral distinctions within male and female brains has been a contentious topic of interest within the scientific community over several decades. Advancements in neuroimaging and molecular biological techniques have increasingly elucidated common mechanisms characterizing brain aging while also revealing disparities between sexes in these processes. Variations in cognitive functions; susceptibility to and progression of neurodegenerative conditions, notably Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases; and notable disparities in life expectancy between sexes, underscore the significance of evaluating aging within the framework of gender differences. This comprehensive review surveys contemporary literature on the restructuring of brain structures and fundamental processes unfolding in the aging brain at cellular and molecular levels, with a focus on gender distinctions. Additionally, the review delves into age-related cognitive alterations, exploring factors influencing the acceleration or deceleration of aging, with particular attention to estrogen's hormonal support of the central nervous system.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25137122