Synergistic Linker and Linkage of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhancing Gold Capture

• Published in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Germany), 2024-11, Vol.20 (44), p.e2404192-n/a
• Main Authors: Yang, Xiubei, Jiang, Di, Fu, Yubin, Li, Xuewen, Liu, Guojuan, Ding, Xuesong, Han, Bao‐Hang, Xu, Qing, Zeng, Gaofeng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Binding sites; covalent organic frameworks; crystalline porous polymers; dense binding sites; Gold; gold ions recovery; Linkages; Nitrogen atoms; Surface area; synergetic linker and linkage
• ISSN: 1613-6810; 1613-6829; 1613-6829
• DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404192

The tunable pore walls and skeletons render covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as promising absorbents for gold (Au) ion. However, most of these COFs suffered from low surface areas hindering binding sites exposed and weak binding interaction resulting in sluggish kinetic performance. In this study, COFs have been constructed with synergistic linker and linkage for high‐efficiency Au capture. The designed COFs (PYTA‐PZDH‐COF and PYTA‐BPDH‐COF) with pyrazine or bipyridine as linkers showed high surface areas of 1692 and 2076 m2 g‒1, providing high exposed surface areas for Au capture. In addition, the Lewis basic nitrogen atoms from the linkers and linkages are easily hydronium, which enabled to fast trap Au via coulomb force. The PYTA‐PZDH‐COF and PYTA‐BPDH‐COF showed maximum Au capture capacities of 2314 and 1810 mg g−1, higher than other reported COFs. More importantly, PYTA‐PZDH‐COF are capable of rapid adsorption kinetics with achieving 95% of maximum binding capacity in 10 min. The theoretical calculation revealed that the nitrogen atoms in linkers and linkages from both COFs are simultaneously hydronium, and then the protonated PYTA‐PZDH‐COF are more easily binding the AuCl4‒, further accelerating the binding process. This study gives the a new insight to design COFs for ion capture. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high surface areas and abundant binding sites have been first constructed for Au capture. The N atoms in the linkers and linkages are simultaneously hydronium, and the synergistic effects made COFs achieve high uptakes and fast absorption kinetics.