Emerging concepts of migrasome: An up‐and‐coming organelle from biology to the clinic

• Published in: The FASEB journal 2024-07, Vol.38 (14), p.e23811-n/a
• Main Authors: Jiao, Lin, Luo, Xinyi, Xu, Yixin, Sun, Ting, Lei, Xinxing, Song, Xingbo, Ying, Binwu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; application; Cell Movement; cell‐to‐cell communication; clinical; diseases; extracellular vesicle; Humans; migrasome; Organelles - metabolism
• ISSN: 0892-6638; 1530-6860; 1530-6860
• DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400503RR

Since the migrasome concept was first proposed in 2015, extensive research has been conducted on these novel organelles, which grow on retracted fibers at the posterior end of migrating cells. Recently, molecular markers, biological functions, and clinical values based on the initial formation mechanism of migrasomes have emerged. Additionally, researchers are recognizing the significant role that migrasomes play in the pathological and diagnostic processes of clinical diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the biology and clinical application of migrasomes and provide a comprehensive view of the prospective challenges surrounding their clinical application. The understanding of the role of migrasomes in diseases has grown by studying several pathologic processes and diseases, including cerebral amyloid angiopathy, tumor, traumatic brain injury and so on. Macrophage‐derived migrasomes, which are enriched in complement‐activating molecule CD5 antigen‐like, impair the blood‐brain barrier and promote cerebral vascular damage in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Acute brain injury induced neutrophils gather in the brain parenchyma, producing migrasomes which are phagocytosed by microglia. Neutrophils in the peripheral immune system directly transmit signals to specific immune cells in the central nervous system through migrasomes, enhancing the neuroimmune surveillance system. Cancer cells activate osteoclast precursor cells and macrophages through migrasomes, promoting the bone metastasis of tumor cells and rebuilding tumor microenvironment.