Prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women: A cross‐sectional study from Jordan

• Published in: Public health Nursing 2024-09, Vol.41 (5), p.996-1005
• Main Authors: Khurmah, Manar H. Abu, Alkhatatbeh, Mohammad J., Alshogran, Osama Y., Alarda, Hamza M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorptiometry, Photon; Age; Aged; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic - epidemiology; Bone mineral density; Cross-Sectional Studies; Densitometry; Dietary supplements; Female; Humans; Information retrieval; Jordan; Jordan - epidemiology; Medical records; Menopause; Middle Aged; Osteopenia; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis - epidemiology; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - epidemiology; Patients; Post-menopause; postmenopausal women; Postmenopause; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Serum levels; Spine; Spine (lumbar); Vitamin D; Womens health
• ISSN: 0737-1209; 1525-1446; 1525-1446
• DOI: 10.1111/phn.13379

Objectives Our aim was to predict the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and their associated risk factors among postmenopausal women from Jordan. Methodology In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 368 postmenopausal women were recruited from King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in the North of Jordan between September 2022 and April 2023. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan. T‐score was used for osteoporosis diagnosis in accordance with the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) guidelines. Data about sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were collected using face‐to‐face interviews. Medical records were used to retrieve participants’ BMD information. Predictors of osteoporosis were identified using logistic regression. Results Prevalence of osteoporosis was 40.5%, while 44.6% of participants were diagnosed with osteopenia. The lumbar spine had the highest frequency of osteoporosis (30.4%), while the left femoral neck had the highest prevalence of osteopenia (46.3%). Postmenopausal women's age (p‐value = .024), and history of chronic diseases (p‐value = .038) were significant factors associated with increased osteoporosis risk. Conclusions Postmenopausal women from Jordan had high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. It is therefore necessary to target risk factors leading to osteoporosis and to improve patients' lifestyles through patient education. Healthcare systems should consider early screening approaches for osteoporosis at the age of menopause and thereafter. Supplements of calcium and vitamin D may be routinely considered for this age group depending on their serum levels.