Nanoarchitectonics of Vesicle Microreactors for Oscillating ATP Synthesis and Hydrolysis

• Published in: Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2024-11, Vol.63 (45), p.e202411981-n/a
• Main Authors: Wang, Tonghui, Fei, Jinbo, Yu, Fanchen, Xu, Xia, Cui, Yue, Li, Junbai
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenine; Adenosine triphosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphatases - chemistry; Adenosine Triphosphatases - metabolism; Adenosine Triphosphate - chemistry; Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism; Ammonia; bioenergy; biomaterials; Chemical synthesis; Dehydrogenase; Gluconic acid; Glucose; Glucose - chemistry; Glucose - metabolism; Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase - chemistry; Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase - metabolism; Glucose dehydrogenase; Glucose transporter; Hydrolysis; Liposomes - chemistry; Liposomes - metabolism; Liquid phases; Microreactors; NAD; NAD - chemistry; NAD - metabolism; nanoarchitectonics; Nanostructures - chemistry; Nicotinamide; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Phase separation; Protons; Renewable energy; supramolecular assembly; Urea; Urease; Urease - chemistry; Urease - metabolism
• ISSN: 1433-7851; 1521-3773; 1521-3773
• DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411981

We construct a compartmentalized nanoarchitecture to regulate bioenergy level. Glucose dehydrogenase, urease and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are encapsulated inside through liquid‐liquid phase separation. ATPase and glucose transporter embedded in hybrid liposomes are attached at the surface. Glucose is transported and converted to gluconic acid catalyzed by glucose dehydrogenase, resulting in an outward proton gradient to drive ATPase for ATP synthesis. In parallel, urease catalyzes hydrolysis of urea to generate ammonia, which leads to an inward proton gradient to drive ATPase for ATP hydrolysis. These processes lead to a change of the direction of proton gradient, thus achieving artificial ATP oscillation. Importantly, the frequency and the amplitude of the oscillation can be programmed. The work explores nanoarchitectonics integrating multiple components to realize artificial and precise oscillation of bioenergy level. Engineered vesicle microreactors with multiple functional proteins are constructed for bioenergy oscillation. Modulating biocatalytic reaction involved with each fuel (glucose, urea) generates and consumes protons respectively, which facilitates ATP synthesis and hydrolysis of ATPase in a tunable fashion.