High Intraocular Pressure Is Independently Associated With New-Onset Systemic Hypertension Over a 10-Year Period

Background: Systemic hypertension (HT) is associated with the development of increased intraocular pressure (IOP), a risk factor for glaucoma. However, it remains unclear whether high IOP is a risk factor for HT.Methods and Results: We investigated 7,487 Japanese individuals (4,714 men, 2,773 women;...

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Published in:Circulation Journal 2024/09/25, Vol.88(10), pp.1689-1696
Main Authors: Umetsu, Araya, Tanaka, Marenao, Sato, Tatsuya, Akiyama, Yukinori, Endo, Keisuke, Mori, Kazuma, Ohnishi, Hirofumi, Watanabe, Megumi, Ohguro, Hiroshi, Hanawa, Nagisa, Furuhashi, Masato
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use
Blood Pressure
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - epidemiology
Hypertension - physiopathology
Intraocular Pressure
Japan - epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Risk factor
Risk Factors
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Summary:Background: Systemic hypertension (HT) is associated with the development of increased intraocular pressure (IOP), a risk factor for glaucoma. However, it remains unclear whether high IOP is a risk factor for HT.Methods and Results: We investigated 7,487 Japanese individuals (4,714 men, 2,773 women; mean [±SD] age 49±9 years) who underwent annual health checkups in 2006. Over the 10-year follow-up period, 1,232 (24.3%) men and 370 (11.5%) women developed new-onset HT, defined as initiation of antihypertensive drug treatment or blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. After dividing IOP into tertiles (T1–T3), Cox proportional hazards analysis (adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, obesity, current smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of HT, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and diabetes and dyslipidemia diagnoses at baseline) revealed a significantly higher risk of newly developed HT in T3 (IOP ≥14 mmHg; hazard ratio 1.14; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.29; P=0.038) using T1 (IOP ≤11 mmHg) as the reference group. There was no significant interaction between sex and IOP tertile (P=0.153). A restricted cubic spline model showed a gradual but robust increase in the hazard ratio for new-onset HT with increasing IOP.Conclusions: High IOP is an independent risk factor for the development of HT over a 10-year period.
ISSN:1346-9843
1347-4820
1347-4820
DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0241