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Expression Patterns of TGF-β1 , TβR-I , TβR-II, and Smad2 Reveal Insights into Heterosis for Growth of Hybrid Offspring between Acanthopagrus schlegelii and Pagrus major
TGF-β1/Smads is a classic signaling pathway, which plays important roles in the development process of organisms. Black porgy and red porgy are valuable economic fishes, and their hybrid offspring show excellent heterosis traits. Yet the molecular regulation mechanism of the heterosis traits is less...
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| Published in: | Genes 2024-07, Vol.15 (7), p.945 |
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| creator | Du, Xinran Zhao, Yue Li, Jingbo Xie, Wenli Lyu, Linna Chen, Shuyin Jia, Chaofeng Yan, Jie Li, Peng |
| description | TGF-β1/Smads is a classic signaling pathway, which plays important roles in the development process of organisms. Black porgy
and red porgy
are valuable economic fishes, and their hybrid offspring show excellent heterosis traits. Yet the molecular regulation mechanism of the heterosis traits is less clear. Here, we explored the TGF-β1/Smads pathway's molecular genetic information for heterosis in
♂ ×
♀ (AP) and
♀ ×
♂ (PA) in terms of growth and development. The mRNA expression levels of
,
,
, and
genes in different developmental stages of
were detected. Furthermore, the expression levels of
,
,
, and
genes in different tissues of adult (mRNA level) and larva (mRNA and protein level) of
,
, and their hybrids were determined by both real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques. The results indicated the ubiquitous expression of these genes in all developmental stages of
and in all tested tissues of
,
and its hybrids. Among them, the mRNA of
,
and
genes is highly expressed in the liver, gill, kidney, and muscle of black porgy, red porgy, and their hybrid offspring. There are significant changes in gene and protein expression levels in hybrid offspring, which indirectly reflect hybrid advantage. In addition, there was no correlation between protein and mRNA expression levels of Smad2 protein. The results provide novel data for the differential expression of growth and development genes between the reciprocal hybridization generation of black porgy and red porgy and its parents, which is conducive to further explaining the molecular regulation mechanism of heterosis in the growth and development of hybrid porgy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/genes15070945 |
| format | article |
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and red porgy
are valuable economic fishes, and their hybrid offspring show excellent heterosis traits. Yet the molecular regulation mechanism of the heterosis traits is less clear. Here, we explored the TGF-β1/Smads pathway's molecular genetic information for heterosis in
♂ ×
♀ (AP) and
♀ ×
♂ (PA) in terms of growth and development. The mRNA expression levels of
,
,
, and
genes in different developmental stages of
were detected. Furthermore, the expression levels of
,
,
, and
genes in different tissues of adult (mRNA level) and larva (mRNA and protein level) of
,
, and their hybrids were determined by both real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques. The results indicated the ubiquitous expression of these genes in all developmental stages of
and in all tested tissues of
,
and its hybrids. Among them, the mRNA of
,
and
genes is highly expressed in the liver, gill, kidney, and muscle of black porgy, red porgy, and their hybrid offspring. There are significant changes in gene and protein expression levels in hybrid offspring, which indirectly reflect hybrid advantage. In addition, there was no correlation between protein and mRNA expression levels of Smad2 protein. The results provide novel data for the differential expression of growth and development genes between the reciprocal hybridization generation of black porgy and red porgy and its parents, which is conducive to further explaining the molecular regulation mechanism of heterosis in the growth and development of hybrid porgy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/genes15070945</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39062724</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acanthopagrus schlegelii ; Amino acids ; Animals ; Antibodies ; B cells ; Developmental stages ; Female ; Fish ; Fish Proteins - genetics ; Fish Proteins - metabolism ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene regulation ; Genes ; Growth ; Growth factors ; Heterosis ; Hybrid Vigor - genetics ; Hybridization ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Hybrids ; Kinases ; Liver ; Male ; Messenger RNA ; Offspring ; Pagrus major ; Pagrus pagrus ; Perciformes - genetics ; Perciformes - growth & development ; Perciformes - metabolism ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Proteins ; Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I - genetics ; Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I - metabolism ; Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II - genetics ; Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II - metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism ; Signal transduction ; Smad2 protein ; Smad2 Protein - genetics ; Smad2 Protein - metabolism ; Software ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - metabolism ; Transforming growth factor-b1 ; Transforming growth factors ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>Genes, 2024-07, Vol.15 (7), p.945</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-aaec8a1dfcaffc938ae4746cb1897edf93fb80b764c26238350b893cef513c763</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9481-1282</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3084903789/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3084903789?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,25752,27923,27924,37011,37012,44589,74997</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39062724$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Du, Xinran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Yue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jingbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Wenli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyu, Linna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shuyin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jia, Chaofeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Peng</creatorcontrib><title>Expression Patterns of TGF-β1 , TβR-I , TβR-II, and Smad2 Reveal Insights into Heterosis for Growth of Hybrid Offspring between Acanthopagrus schlegelii and Pagrus major</title><title>Genes</title><addtitle>Genes (Basel)</addtitle><description>TGF-β1/Smads is a classic signaling pathway, which plays important roles in the development process of organisms. Black porgy
and red porgy
are valuable economic fishes, and their hybrid offspring show excellent heterosis traits. Yet the molecular regulation mechanism of the heterosis traits is less clear. Here, we explored the TGF-β1/Smads pathway's molecular genetic information for heterosis in
♂ ×
♀ (AP) and
♀ ×
♂ (PA) in terms of growth and development. The mRNA expression levels of
,
,
, and
genes in different developmental stages of
were detected. Furthermore, the expression levels of
,
,
, and
genes in different tissues of adult (mRNA level) and larva (mRNA and protein level) of
,
, and their hybrids were determined by both real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques. The results indicated the ubiquitous expression of these genes in all developmental stages of
and in all tested tissues of
,
and its hybrids. Among them, the mRNA of
,
and
genes is highly expressed in the liver, gill, kidney, and muscle of black porgy, red porgy, and their hybrid offspring. There are significant changes in gene and protein expression levels in hybrid offspring, which indirectly reflect hybrid advantage. In addition, there was no correlation between protein and mRNA expression levels of Smad2 protein. The results provide novel data for the differential expression of growth and development genes between the reciprocal hybridization generation of black porgy and red porgy and its parents, which is conducive to further explaining the molecular regulation mechanism of heterosis in the growth and development of hybrid porgy.</description><subject>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>B cells</subject><subject>Developmental stages</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fish Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Fish Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Fisheries</subject><subject>Fishes</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</subject><subject>Gene regulation</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Growth</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Heterosis</subject><subject>Hybrid Vigor - genetics</subject><subject>Hybridization</subject><subject>Hybridization, Genetic</subject><subject>Hybrids</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Messenger RNA</subject><subject>Offspring</subject><subject>Pagrus major</subject><subject>Pagrus pagrus</subject><subject>Perciformes - genetics</subject><subject>Perciformes - growth & development</subject><subject>Perciformes - metabolism</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I - genetics</subject><subject>Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II - genetics</subject><subject>Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics</subject><subject>Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Smad2 protein</subject><subject>Smad2 Protein - genetics</subject><subject>Smad2 Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - genetics</subject><subject>Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - metabolism</subject><subject>Transforming growth factor-b1</subject><subject>Transforming growth factors</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><issn>2073-4425</issn><issn>2073-4425</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNptksFqGzEQhkVpaYKbY69F0EsP2VRaaa3dowmJbQgkpO550WpHa5ldyZW0TfNOPeVB8kyV48Q0pdJBw_D9v4bhR-gjJWeMVeRrBxYCLYggFS_eoOOcCJZxnhdv_6qP0EkIG5IOJzkhxXt0lLTTXOT8GP2--LX1EIJxFt_IGMHbgJ3Gq_ll9vhA8SlePT7cZstDsTzF0rb42yDbHN_CT5A9XtpgunUM2Njo8AKSiwsmYO08nnt3F9c7y8V9402Lr7UOW29shxuIdwAWz5S0ce22svNjwEGte-igN-bpo5t9d5Ab5z-gd1r2AU6e3wn6fnmxOl9kV9fz5fnsKlOMsphJCaqUtNVKaq0qVkrggk9VQ8tKQKsrppuSNGLKVT7NWckK0pQVU6ALypSYsgn6svfdevdjhBDrwQQFfS8tuDHUjJQFpaJI0gn6_A-6caO3abodxSvCRLI-UJ3soTZWu-il2pnWszIhImcFT9TZf6h0WxiMcha0Sf1XgmwvUGnfwYOu02IH6e9rSupdQOpXAUn8p-dhx2aA9kC_xIH9Aa0Tt1A</recordid><startdate>20240719</startdate><enddate>20240719</enddate><creator>Du, Xinran</creator><creator>Zhao, Yue</creator><creator>Li, Jingbo</creator><creator>Xie, Wenli</creator><creator>Lyu, Linna</creator><creator>Chen, Shuyin</creator><creator>Jia, Chaofeng</creator><creator>Yan, Jie</creator><creator>Li, Peng</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9481-1282</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240719</creationdate><title>Expression Patterns of TGF-β1 , TβR-I , TβR-II, and Smad2 Reveal Insights into Heterosis for Growth of Hybrid Offspring between Acanthopagrus schlegelii and Pagrus major</title><author>Du, Xinran ; Zhao, Yue ; Li, Jingbo ; Xie, Wenli ; Lyu, Linna ; Chen, Shuyin ; Jia, Chaofeng ; Yan, Jie ; Li, Peng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-aaec8a1dfcaffc938ae4746cb1897edf93fb80b764c26238350b893cef513c763</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>B cells</topic><topic>Developmental stages</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Fish Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Fish Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Fisheries</topic><topic>Fishes</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</topic><topic>Gene regulation</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Growth</topic><topic>Growth factors</topic><topic>Heterosis</topic><topic>Hybrid Vigor - genetics</topic><topic>Hybridization</topic><topic>Hybridization, Genetic</topic><topic>Hybrids</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Messenger RNA</topic><topic>Offspring</topic><topic>Pagrus major</topic><topic>Pagrus pagrus</topic><topic>Perciformes - genetics</topic><topic>Perciformes - growth & development</topic><topic>Perciformes - metabolism</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I - genetics</topic><topic>Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I - metabolism</topic><topic>Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II - genetics</topic><topic>Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II - metabolism</topic><topic>Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics</topic><topic>Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism</topic><topic>Signal transduction</topic><topic>Smad2 protein</topic><topic>Smad2 Protein - genetics</topic><topic>Smad2 Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - genetics</topic><topic>Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - metabolism</topic><topic>Transforming growth factor-b1</topic><topic>Transforming growth factors</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Du, Xinran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Yue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jingbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Wenli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyu, Linna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shuyin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jia, Chaofeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Peng</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Genes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Du, Xinran</au><au>Zhao, Yue</au><au>Li, Jingbo</au><au>Xie, Wenli</au><au>Lyu, Linna</au><au>Chen, Shuyin</au><au>Jia, Chaofeng</au><au>Yan, Jie</au><au>Li, Peng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Expression Patterns of TGF-β1 , TβR-I , TβR-II, and Smad2 Reveal Insights into Heterosis for Growth of Hybrid Offspring between Acanthopagrus schlegelii and Pagrus major</atitle><jtitle>Genes</jtitle><addtitle>Genes (Basel)</addtitle><date>2024-07-19</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>945</spage><pages>945-</pages><issn>2073-4425</issn><eissn>2073-4425</eissn><abstract>TGF-β1/Smads is a classic signaling pathway, which plays important roles in the development process of organisms. Black porgy
and red porgy
are valuable economic fishes, and their hybrid offspring show excellent heterosis traits. Yet the molecular regulation mechanism of the heterosis traits is less clear. Here, we explored the TGF-β1/Smads pathway's molecular genetic information for heterosis in
♂ ×
♀ (AP) and
♀ ×
♂ (PA) in terms of growth and development. The mRNA expression levels of
,
,
, and
genes in different developmental stages of
were detected. Furthermore, the expression levels of
,
,
, and
genes in different tissues of adult (mRNA level) and larva (mRNA and protein level) of
,
, and their hybrids were determined by both real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques. The results indicated the ubiquitous expression of these genes in all developmental stages of
and in all tested tissues of
,
and its hybrids. Among them, the mRNA of
,
and
genes is highly expressed in the liver, gill, kidney, and muscle of black porgy, red porgy, and their hybrid offspring. There are significant changes in gene and protein expression levels in hybrid offspring, which indirectly reflect hybrid advantage. In addition, there was no correlation between protein and mRNA expression levels of Smad2 protein. The results provide novel data for the differential expression of growth and development genes between the reciprocal hybridization generation of black porgy and red porgy and its parents, which is conducive to further explaining the molecular regulation mechanism of heterosis in the growth and development of hybrid porgy.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39062724</pmid><doi>10.3390/genes15070945</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9481-1282</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2073-4425 |
| ispartof | Genes, 2024-07, Vol.15 (7), p.945 |
| issn | 2073-4425 2073-4425 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3085117538 |
| source | Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Acanthopagrus schlegelii Amino acids Animals Antibodies B cells Developmental stages Female Fish Fish Proteins - genetics Fish Proteins - metabolism Fisheries Fishes Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Gene regulation Genes Growth Growth factors Heterosis Hybrid Vigor - genetics Hybridization Hybridization, Genetic Hybrids Kinases Liver Male Messenger RNA Offspring Pagrus major Pagrus pagrus Perciformes - genetics Perciformes - growth & development Perciformes - metabolism Polymerase chain reaction Proteins Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I - genetics Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I - metabolism Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II - genetics Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II - metabolism Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism Signal transduction Smad2 protein Smad2 Protein - genetics Smad2 Protein - metabolism Software Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - genetics Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - metabolism Transforming growth factor-b1 Transforming growth factors Variance analysis |
| title | Expression Patterns of TGF-β1 , TβR-I , TβR-II, and Smad2 Reveal Insights into Heterosis for Growth of Hybrid Offspring between Acanthopagrus schlegelii and Pagrus major |
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