Three-, Four-, and Five-Day Microcycles: The Normality in Professional Football

• Published in: International journal of sports physiology and performance 2024-10, Vol.19 (10), p.987-995
• Main Authors: Gualtieri, Antonio, Vicens-Bordas, Jordi, Rampinini, Ermanno, Ferrari Bravo, Duccio, Beato, Marco
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acceleration; Adult; Athletic Performance - physiology; Deceleration; Humans; Male; Physical Conditioning, Human - methods; Physical Exertion - physiology; Running - physiology; Soccer - physiology; Time Factors; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1555-0265; 1555-0273; 1555-0273
• DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0144

This study aimed to quantify training and match-day (MD) load during 3-, 4-, and 5-day microcycles in professional adult football, as well as to analyze the effect of the microcycle length on training load produced the day after the match (MD + 1) and the day before the match (MD - 1). The study involved 20 male professional football players whose external and internal loads were monitored for a whole season. The training exposure, total distance covered, high-speed-running distance, sprint distance (SD), individual SD above 80% of the individual maximum velocity (D > 80%), and the number of accelerations and decelerations were quantified, as well as rating of perceived exertion and session rating of perceived exertion training load. Microcycle length affected most of the variables of interest: high-speed-running distance (F = 9.04, P < .01), SD (F = 13.90, P < .01), D > 80% (F = 20.25, P < .01), accelerations (F = 10.12, P < .01), and decelerations (F = 6.01, P < .01). There was an interaction effect between the training day and microcycle type for SD (F = 5.46, P < .01), D > 80% (F = 4.51, P < .01), accelerations (F = 2.24, P = .06), and decelerations (F = 3.91, P < .01). Coaches seem to be influenced by shorter microcycles in their training proposal, preferring sessions with a reduced muscle impact during shorter microcycles. Independent of the length of the congested fixture microcycle, the daily load seems to decrease when MD approaches.