Comparison of adipose derived stromal cells cultured on fibroin scaffolds fabricated by salt-leaching and by freeze-thawing

• Published in: Biomaterials advances 2024-11, Vol.164, p.213992, Article 213992
• Main Authors: Gao, J, Boos, A M, Kopp, A, Isella, B, Drinic, A, Heim, A, Christer, T, Beier, J P, Robering, J W
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2772-9508; 2772-9508
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213992

Fibroin, the main structural protein of Bombyx mori silk, is known for its mechanical properties, its biocompatibility and degradation characteristics in vivo. Various studies investigate its uses as cell carrier and/or material for surgical implants. Multiple protocols have been established to isolate fibroin from silk fibers and to produce scaffolds and films from fibroin solution. There is only limited literature available on how fibroin scaffolds manufactured by different methods compare to each other in terms of performance as cell carriers. This study compares the behaviour of human adipose derived stromal cells (ADSC) seeded on fibroin scaffolds produced by (i) salt-leaching and (ii) freeze-thawing. One type of freeze-thawing scaffold (poresize ≪ 315 μm) and three types of salt-leaching scaffolds (poresize ranging from 315 μm to 1000 μm) were used for this comparison. Measuring the DNA concentration on the seeded scaffolds as well as the seeded cells metabolic activity, we were able to determine freeze-thawed scaffolds to be superior for cell-seeding. ADSC seeded on salt-leaching scaffolds displayed a stronger downregulation of serum deprivation response gene than cells seeded on freeze-thaw scaffolds. In sum, our findings show that salt-leaching scaffolds offering different pore sizes differed much less among each other than salt-leaching from freeze-thawing scaffolds in terms of cell accommodation. Our work underlines the importance of physicochemical scaffold properties directly linked to different manufacturing methods and their influence on the cell seeding capacity of silk fibroin based carriers.