Beyond Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Comprehensive Review of Chronic Lung Diseases in Neonates

In neonates, pulmonary diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other chronic lung diseases (CLDs) pose significant challenges due to their complexity and high degree of morbidity and mortality. This review discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2024-07, Vol.16 (7), p.e64804
Main Authors: El-Atawi, Khaled, Abdul Wahab, Muzafar Gani, Alallah, Jubara, Osman, Mohammed F, Hassan, Moustafa, Siwji, Zohra, Saleh, Maysa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Airway management
Childrens health
Chronic illnesses
Congenital diseases
Gestational age
Inflammation
Lung diseases
Lungs
Medical prognosis
Mortality
Newborn babies
Nosocomial infections
Oxygen saturation
Oxygen therapy
Pathophysiology
Premature babies
Premature birth
Surfactants
Ventilators
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Summary:In neonates, pulmonary diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other chronic lung diseases (CLDs) pose significant challenges due to their complexity and high degree of morbidity and mortality. This review discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteria for these conditions, as well as current management strategies. The review also highlights recent advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of these diseases and evolving strategies for their management, including gene therapy and stem cell treatments. We emphasize how supportive care is useful in managing these diseases and underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Notably, we discuss the emerging role of personalized medicine, enabled by advances in genomics and precision therapeutics, in tailoring therapy according to an individual's genetic, biochemical, and lifestyle factors. We conclude with a discussion on future directions in research and treatment, emphasizing the importance of furthering our understanding of these conditions, improving diagnostic criteria, and exploring targeted treatment modalities. The review underscores the need for multicentric and longitudinal studies to improve preventative strategies and better understand long-term outcomes. Ultimately, a comprehensive, innovative, and patient-centered approach can enhance the quality of care and outcomes for neonates with CLDs.
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.64804