Possible ferro-electro-magnetic behaviours of graphene-based materials: hydrogenated graphene, MWCNTs and reduced graphene-oxide (GO)

This study investigated the electric polarization and magnetic behaviours of various graphene-based materials, including hydrogenated graphene (H-graphene), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO). Results showed that MWCNTs exhibit higher magnetization, with a magnet...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:RSC advances 2024-08, Vol.14 (36), p.2632-2637
Main Authors: Ray, Sekhar Chandra, Mishra, Dilip Kumar, Pong, W. F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemistry
Data processing
Density of states
Dipole moments
Electric polarization
Graphene
Hydrogenation
Magnetization
Multi wall carbon nanotubes
Photoelectrons
Valence band
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Summary:This study investigated the electric polarization and magnetic behaviours of various graphene-based materials, including hydrogenated graphene (H-graphene), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO). Results showed that MWCNTs exhibit higher magnetization, with a magnetic squareness ( M r / M s ) of approximately 0.5, compared to H-graphene ( 0.25). H-graphene exhibits the highest electric polarization compared to MWCNTs/r-GO, whereas r-GO demonstrates the lowest levels of polarization and magnetization compared to H-graphene/MWCNTs. The valence band maximum (4.08 eV for MWCNTs, 4.26 eV for H-graphene, and 4.78 eV for r-GO) in quasi-localized states at the Fermi level results in defects in the graphene-based lattice, which are associated with dipole moment and lead to alterations in magnetic behaviours. Different density of states (DOS) is attributed from the ultra-violet photoelectron spectra and the small variations in the Fermi edge is observed in H-graphene, MWCNTs, and r-GO are responsible for the observed magnetisation and polarizations. The unique polarization/magnetization behaviours present an opportunity for potential exploitation in storage and information processing technologies in the science and engineering community. This study investigated the electric polarization and magnetic behaviours of various graphene-based materials, including hydrogenated graphene (H-graphene), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO).
ISSN:2046-2069
2046-2069
DOI:10.1039/d4ra04420g