Antitrans Policy Environment and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Transgender and Nonbinary Adults

• Published in: JAMA network open 2024-08, Vol.7 (8), p.e2431306
• Main Authors: Restar, Arjee, Layland, Eric K, Hughes, Landon, Dusic, Emerson, Lucas, Ruby, Bambilla, Audren J K, Martin, Aleks, Shook, Alic, Karrington, Baer, Schwarz, Deborah, Shimkin, Genya, Grandberry, Vanessa, Xanadu, Xero, Streed, Jr, Carl G, Operario, Don, Gamarel, Kristi E, Kershaw, Trace
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety - epidemiology; Anxiety - psychology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression - epidemiology; Depression - psychology; Female; Health care access; Health Policy - legislation & jurisprudence; Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Legislation; Male; Mental depression; Mental health; Middle Aged; Non-binary gender; Transgender persons; Transgender Persons - psychology; Transgender Persons - statistics & numerical data; Washington - epidemiology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 2574-3805; 2574-3805
• DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31306

With the increasing legislation restricting health care access for transgender and nonbinary (trans) populations in recent years, there has been limited research on how awareness of and concerns about legislative restrictions and protections influence mental health outcomes. To examine whether awareness of and concerns about the current policy environment regarding trans individuals are associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among trans adults. This study uses cross-sectional data collected between March and April 2023 from the Washington Priority Assessment in Trans Health (PATH) Project, an online study designed by, with, and for trans communities. All participants were trans adults, aged 18 years or older, living in Washington state. Awareness and concerns about the antitrans policy environment. The primary outcomes were depression and anxiety symptoms, assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. A series of multivariable regression models was used to assess the association between awareness and concerns about the antitrans policy environment and depression and anxiety symptoms. Models were adjusted for covariates, including demographics, social marginalization, and health care experiences. A total of 797 participants (653 women [81.93%]; 455 aged 18-29 years [57.09%]) were included. The majority screened positive for current depression (689 individuals [86.45%]) and anxiety (686 individuals [86.07%]) symptoms. Trans individuals who were concerned or worried about their rights being taken away (vs not) had significantly higher odds of current depression symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.66; 95% CI, 1.08-2.54), as well as current anxiety symptoms (aOR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.63-4.36). Those who knew (vs did not know) about state-level protective legislation had significantly lower odds of current depression symptoms (aOR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28-0.67), as well as current anxiety symptoms (aOR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04-0.25). When examining interaction effect estimates, trans individuals who correctly knew about the protective policies and were not worried about having their rights taken away reported the lowest odds of depression and anxiety. The findings of this cross-sectional study are consistent with research elucidating the negative mental health consequences of policies limiting health care access and provide insights into informing policies and interventions that target trans populations' worsened mental health outcomes as a result of antitrans l