Cellular RNA-binding proteins LARP4 and PABPC1 synergistically facilitate viral translation of coronavirus PEDV

• Published in: Veterinary microbiology 2024-11, Vol.298, p.110219, Article 110219
• Main Authors: Wang, Jing, Zhang, Xiu-Zhong, Sun, Xin-Yue, Tian, Wen-Jun, Wang, Xiao-Jia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3' Untranslated Regions; Animals; Autoantigens - genetics; Autoantigens - metabolism; Chlorocebus aethiops; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections - veterinary; Coronavirus Infections - virology; Cytoplasmic translocation; LARP4; PABPC1; PEDV; Poly(A)-Binding Protein I - genetics; Poly(A)-Binding Protein I - metabolism; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus - genetics; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus - physiology; Protein Biosynthesis; RBPs; Ribonucleoproteins - genetics; Ribonucleoproteins - metabolism; RNA, Messenger - genetics; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; RNA, Viral - genetics; RNA, Viral - metabolism; RNA-Binding Proteins - genetics; RNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism; SS-B Antigen; Swine; UTRs; Vero Cells; Viral translation
• ISSN: 0378-1135; 1873-2542; 1873-2542
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110219

Coronaviruses are causing epizootic diseases and thus are a substantial threat for both domestic and wild animals. These viruses depend on the host translation machinery to complete their life cycle. The current paper identified cellular RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), La-related protein 4 (LARP4) and polyadenylate-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), as critical regulators of efficient translation of the coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) mRNA. In Vero cells, PEDV infection caused LARP4 to migrate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in a chromosome region maintenance1 (CRM1)-independent pathway. In the absence of the nuclear export signal of LARP4, viral translation was not promoted by LARP4. A further study unveiled that the cytoplasmic LARP4 binds to the 3′-terminal untranslated region (3′UTR) of PEDV mRNA with the assistance of PABPC1 to facilitate viral translation. LARP4 knockdown reduced the promotion of the PABPC1-induced 3′UTR translation activity. Moreover, the rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) system revealed that the prokaryotic expressed protein LARP4 and PABPC1 enhance PEDV mRNA translation. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that PEDV induces nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of LARP4 to enhance its own replication, which broadens our insights into how viruses use host's RBPs for the efficient translation of viral mRNA. •PEDV infection induces upregulation and cytoplasmic translocation of LARP4.•LARP4 and PABPC1 are critical regulators for efficient translation of PEDV mRNA.•Cytoplasmic LARP4 binds to the 3′UTR of PEDV mRNA and regulates its translation with the assistance of PABPC1.