Spatial and temporal variation in size of polar bear ( Ursus maritimus) sexual organs and its use in pollution and climate change studies

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2007-11, Vol.387 (1), p.237-246
• Main Authors: Sonne, Christian, Dietz, Rune, Born, Erik W., Riget, Frank F., Leifsson, Pall S., Bechshøft, Thea Ø., Kirkegaard, Maja
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Applied ecology; Baculum; Biological and medical sciences; Canada; Climate; Climate change; Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change; Earth, ocean, space; East Greenland; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Environmental Pollution; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Genitalia, Female - anatomy & histology; Genitalia, Female - growth & development; Genitalia, Male - anatomy & histology; Genitalia, Male - growth & development; Greenland; Growth; Male; Maturity; Meteorology; Ovary; Polar bear; Pollution; Reproductive organs; Sexual Maturation; Svalbard; Testes; Time Factors; Ursidae - anatomy & histology; Ursidae - growth & development; Ursus maritimus; Uterus
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.020

Sexual organs and their development are susceptible to atmospheric transported environmental xenoendocrine pollutants and climate change (food availability). We therefore investigated sexual organs from 55 male and 44 female East Greenland polar bears ( Ursus maritimus) to obtain information about growth/size and sexual maturity. Then, the genitalia size was compared with those previously reported from Canadian and Svalbard polar bears. Growth models showed that East Greenland male polar bears reached sexual maturity around 7 years of age and females around 4 years of age. When comparing East Greenland and Svalbard polar bears, the size of baculum and uterus were significantly lower in the East Greenland polar bears (ANOVA: all p < 0.05). Based on previously published baculum mean values from Canadian polar bears, a similar baculum pattern was found for East Greenland vs. Canadian polar bears. It is speculated whether this could be a result of the general high variation in polar bear body size, temporal distribution patterns of anthropogenic long-range transported persistent organic pollutants or climate change (decreasing food availability). The present investigation represents conservation and background data for future spatial and temporal assessments of hunting, pollution and climate change scenarios.