Differences in Presenting Health Warning Labels on Hookah Venue Menus Between Immersive Virtual Reality and Online Surveys

Virtual reality (VR) platforms can simulate the real world, whereas online surveys are efficient settings for assessing and testing information. In this study, the effects of presenting health warning labels (HWLs) on hookah venue menus were compared between these two message-testing settings. Separ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Substance use & misuse 2024, Vol.59 (13), p.1972-1980
Main Authors: Cruz-Cano, Raul, Shi, Rui, Parker, Maria A, Kidanu, Azieb W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age differences
Attitudes
Cigarettes
Female
Humans
Internet
Male
Marital status
Middle Aged
Polls & surveys
Product Labeling - methods
Propensity
Race
Racial differences
Smoking
Surveys and Questionnaires
Tests
Virtual Reality
Water Pipe Smoking
Weighting
Young Adult
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Summary:Virtual reality (VR) platforms can simulate the real world, whereas online surveys are efficient settings for assessing and testing information. In this study, the effects of presenting health warning labels (HWLs) on hookah venue menus were compared between these two message-testing settings. Separate studies were conducted in VR (  = 96) and online survey (  = 213) settings. Participants in both studies were randomly assigned to view menus with or without HWLs. This secondary data analysis compared outcomes between settings after propensity score weighting to account for differences in age, race, marital status, and education between studies. Significant between-study differences were noted for the effects of HWLs on people's perceptions of the absolute harm of hookah smoking (  = 0.0363), the relative harm of hookah compared to cigarettes (  
ISSN:1082-6084
1532-2491
1532-2491
DOI:10.1080/10826084.2024.2392513