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Stable carbon isotope reveals high impact of fishing ship activities on total carbon from PM2.5 in Qingdao, China
Although total carbon (TC) is an important component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5: particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of
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| Published in: | Environmental pollution (1987) 2024-12, Vol.362, p.124958, Article 124958 |
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| container_start_page | 124958 |
| container_title | Environmental pollution (1987) |
| container_volume | 362 |
| creator | Wang, Yao Xiao, Hong-Wei Yin, Mei-Ju Sun, Qi-Bin Fu, Fei Tao, Ji-Hua Xiao, Hua-Yun |
| description | Although total carbon (TC) is an important component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5: particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124958 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3106045630</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0269749124016737</els_id><sourcerecordid>3106045630</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c288t-2243962a284a0dad35c1aeb66e4c17cd0afc8eea1daa8736f282d735fd4c18bd3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kE9LJDEQxYO44Oj6DTzk6MFu868zPRdBBt0VRtxl9RxqkuqZDD2dNokD--2NtF69VEHV-z14j5ALzmrOuL7e1TgcxtDXgglVc6EWTXtEZrydy0oroY7JjAm9qOZqwU_IaUo7xpiSUs7I678M6x6phbgOA_Up5DAijXhA6BPd-s2W-v0INtPQ0c6nrR82tMyRlps_-Owx0ULmkKH_suli2NM_j6JuqB_o34I4CFd0WWD4SX50xRrPP_cZebm_e17-rlZPvx6Wt6vKirbNlRBKLrQA0SpgDpxsLAdca43K8rl1DDrbIgJ3ACWn7kQr3Fw2nSv_du3kGbmcfMcYXt8wZbP3yWLfw4DhLRnJmWaq0ZIVqZqkNoaUInZmjH4P8b_hzHw0bHZmath8NGymhgt2M2FYYhw8RpOsx8Gi8xFtNi747w3eAVEVh3I</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3106045630</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Stable carbon isotope reveals high impact of fishing ship activities on total carbon from PM2.5 in Qingdao, China</title><source>ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2022-2024</source><creator>Wang, Yao ; Xiao, Hong-Wei ; Yin, Mei-Ju ; Sun, Qi-Bin ; Fu, Fei ; Tao, Ji-Hua ; Xiao, Hua-Yun</creator><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yao ; Xiao, Hong-Wei ; Yin, Mei-Ju ; Sun, Qi-Bin ; Fu, Fei ; Tao, Ji-Hua ; Xiao, Hua-Yun</creatorcontrib><description>Although total carbon (TC) is an important component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5: particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm); its sources remain partially unidentified, especially in coastal urban areas. With ongoing development of the global economy and maritime activities, ship-generated TC emissions in port areas cannot be neglected. In this study, from September 11, 2017 to August 31, 2018, we collected 355 p.m.2.5 samples in Qingdao, China, to determine the water-soluble ion concentrations, TC concentrations, and stable carbon isotopes (δ13CTC). During the open fishing season (OFS; September 11, 2017 to April 30, 2018) and the closed fishing season (CFS; May 1, 2018 to August 31, 2018), the TC concentrations were 9.30 ± 5.38 μg/m3 and 3.36 ± 2.10 μg/m3 respectively, and the corresponding δ13CTC values were −24.53‰ ± 1.17‰ and −27.03‰ ± 0.91‰, respectively, indicating significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two periods. The differences in TC concentrations and the δ13CTC values between the OFS and CFS reflect changes in the source of contamination. Bayesian model was used to quantify the contributions of different TC sources, revealing that ship emissions accounted for approximately 35.3% of the total, which was close to the contribution from the largest source, i.e., motor vehicles (39%). Using the ship emission inventory, Qingdao's ship emissions were further quantified at 455 metric tons, representing 35%–40% of the total TC emissions around Qingdao. Notably, fishing ships contributed approximately 40% of the total ship emissions. These findings underscore the considerable impact of ship emissions, particularly those from fishing ships, on TC concentrations in coastal urban areas.
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•Motor vehicle exhaust is the most important source for total carbon throughout the year.•Ship emissions accounted for up to 41% of TC during the non-closed fishing season.•The fishing ship emissions contributed about 40% of TC of total ship emissions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0269-7491</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1873-6424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6424</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124958</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Bayesian mixing model framework MixSIAR ; Fossil fuel combustion ; PM2.5 ; Ship emissions ; Stable carbon isotope ; Total carbon aerosols</subject><ispartof>Environmental pollution (1987), 2024-12, Vol.362, p.124958, Article 124958</ispartof><rights>2024 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c288t-2243962a284a0dad35c1aeb66e4c17cd0afc8eea1daa8736f282d735fd4c18bd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1743-449X ; 0009-0006-2264-1601 ; 0000-0001-5715-0497</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27900,27901</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Hong-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Mei-Ju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Qi-Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Ji-Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Hua-Yun</creatorcontrib><title>Stable carbon isotope reveals high impact of fishing ship activities on total carbon from PM2.5 in Qingdao, China</title><title>Environmental pollution (1987)</title><description>Although total carbon (TC) is an important component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5: particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm); its sources remain partially unidentified, especially in coastal urban areas. With ongoing development of the global economy and maritime activities, ship-generated TC emissions in port areas cannot be neglected. In this study, from September 11, 2017 to August 31, 2018, we collected 355 p.m.2.5 samples in Qingdao, China, to determine the water-soluble ion concentrations, TC concentrations, and stable carbon isotopes (δ13CTC). During the open fishing season (OFS; September 11, 2017 to April 30, 2018) and the closed fishing season (CFS; May 1, 2018 to August 31, 2018), the TC concentrations were 9.30 ± 5.38 μg/m3 and 3.36 ± 2.10 μg/m3 respectively, and the corresponding δ13CTC values were −24.53‰ ± 1.17‰ and −27.03‰ ± 0.91‰, respectively, indicating significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two periods. The differences in TC concentrations and the δ13CTC values between the OFS and CFS reflect changes in the source of contamination. Bayesian model was used to quantify the contributions of different TC sources, revealing that ship emissions accounted for approximately 35.3% of the total, which was close to the contribution from the largest source, i.e., motor vehicles (39%). Using the ship emission inventory, Qingdao's ship emissions were further quantified at 455 metric tons, representing 35%–40% of the total TC emissions around Qingdao. Notably, fishing ships contributed approximately 40% of the total ship emissions. These findings underscore the considerable impact of ship emissions, particularly those from fishing ships, on TC concentrations in coastal urban areas.
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•Motor vehicle exhaust is the most important source for total carbon throughout the year.•Ship emissions accounted for up to 41% of TC during the non-closed fishing season.•The fishing ship emissions contributed about 40% of TC of total ship emissions.</description><subject>Bayesian mixing model framework MixSIAR</subject><subject>Fossil fuel combustion</subject><subject>PM2.5</subject><subject>Ship emissions</subject><subject>Stable carbon isotope</subject><subject>Total carbon aerosols</subject><issn>0269-7491</issn><issn>1873-6424</issn><issn>1873-6424</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE9LJDEQxYO44Oj6DTzk6MFu868zPRdBBt0VRtxl9RxqkuqZDD2dNokD--2NtF69VEHV-z14j5ALzmrOuL7e1TgcxtDXgglVc6EWTXtEZrydy0oroY7JjAm9qOZqwU_IaUo7xpiSUs7I678M6x6phbgOA_Up5DAijXhA6BPd-s2W-v0INtPQ0c6nrR82tMyRlps_-Owx0ULmkKH_suli2NM_j6JuqB_o34I4CFd0WWD4SX50xRrPP_cZebm_e17-rlZPvx6Wt6vKirbNlRBKLrQA0SpgDpxsLAdca43K8rl1DDrbIgJ3ACWn7kQr3Fw2nSv_du3kGbmcfMcYXt8wZbP3yWLfw4DhLRnJmWaq0ZIVqZqkNoaUInZmjH4P8b_hzHw0bHZmath8NGymhgt2M2FYYhw8RpOsx8Gi8xFtNi747w3eAVEVh3I</recordid><startdate>20241201</startdate><enddate>20241201</enddate><creator>Wang, Yao</creator><creator>Xiao, Hong-Wei</creator><creator>Yin, Mei-Ju</creator><creator>Sun, Qi-Bin</creator><creator>Fu, Fei</creator><creator>Tao, Ji-Hua</creator><creator>Xiao, Hua-Yun</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-449X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2264-1601</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-0497</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241201</creationdate><title>Stable carbon isotope reveals high impact of fishing ship activities on total carbon from PM2.5 in Qingdao, China</title><author>Wang, Yao ; Xiao, Hong-Wei ; Yin, Mei-Ju ; Sun, Qi-Bin ; Fu, Fei ; Tao, Ji-Hua ; Xiao, Hua-Yun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c288t-2243962a284a0dad35c1aeb66e4c17cd0afc8eea1daa8736f282d735fd4c18bd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Bayesian mixing model framework MixSIAR</topic><topic>Fossil fuel combustion</topic><topic>PM2.5</topic><topic>Ship emissions</topic><topic>Stable carbon isotope</topic><topic>Total carbon aerosols</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Hong-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Mei-Ju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Qi-Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Ji-Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Hua-Yun</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental pollution (1987)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wang, Yao</au><au>Xiao, Hong-Wei</au><au>Yin, Mei-Ju</au><au>Sun, Qi-Bin</au><au>Fu, Fei</au><au>Tao, Ji-Hua</au><au>Xiao, Hua-Yun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Stable carbon isotope reveals high impact of fishing ship activities on total carbon from PM2.5 in Qingdao, China</atitle><jtitle>Environmental pollution (1987)</jtitle><date>2024-12-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>362</volume><spage>124958</spage><pages>124958-</pages><artnum>124958</artnum><issn>0269-7491</issn><issn>1873-6424</issn><eissn>1873-6424</eissn><abstract>Although total carbon (TC) is an important component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5: particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm); its sources remain partially unidentified, especially in coastal urban areas. With ongoing development of the global economy and maritime activities, ship-generated TC emissions in port areas cannot be neglected. In this study, from September 11, 2017 to August 31, 2018, we collected 355 p.m.2.5 samples in Qingdao, China, to determine the water-soluble ion concentrations, TC concentrations, and stable carbon isotopes (δ13CTC). During the open fishing season (OFS; September 11, 2017 to April 30, 2018) and the closed fishing season (CFS; May 1, 2018 to August 31, 2018), the TC concentrations were 9.30 ± 5.38 μg/m3 and 3.36 ± 2.10 μg/m3 respectively, and the corresponding δ13CTC values were −24.53‰ ± 1.17‰ and −27.03‰ ± 0.91‰, respectively, indicating significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two periods. The differences in TC concentrations and the δ13CTC values between the OFS and CFS reflect changes in the source of contamination. Bayesian model was used to quantify the contributions of different TC sources, revealing that ship emissions accounted for approximately 35.3% of the total, which was close to the contribution from the largest source, i.e., motor vehicles (39%). Using the ship emission inventory, Qingdao's ship emissions were further quantified at 455 metric tons, representing 35%–40% of the total TC emissions around Qingdao. Notably, fishing ships contributed approximately 40% of the total ship emissions. These findings underscore the considerable impact of ship emissions, particularly those from fishing ships, on TC concentrations in coastal urban areas.
[Display omitted]
•Motor vehicle exhaust is the most important source for total carbon throughout the year.•Ship emissions accounted for up to 41% of TC during the non-closed fishing season.•The fishing ship emissions contributed about 40% of TC of total ship emissions.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124958</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-449X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2264-1601</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-0497</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental pollution (1987), 2024-12, Vol.362, p.124958, Article 124958 |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3106045630 |
| source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2022-2024 |
| subjects | Bayesian mixing model framework MixSIAR Fossil fuel combustion PM2.5 Ship emissions Stable carbon isotope Total carbon aerosols |
| title | Stable carbon isotope reveals high impact of fishing ship activities on total carbon from PM2.5 in Qingdao, China |
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