Cross-species single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlases of the cerebellar cortex

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2024-09, Vol.385 (6716), p.eado3927
• Main Authors: Hao, Shijie, Zhu, Xiaojia, Huang, Zhi, Yang, Qianqian, Liu, Hean, Wu, Yan, Zhan, Yafeng, Dong, Yu, Li, Chao, Wang, He, Haasdijk, Elize, Wu, Zihan, Li, Shenglong, Yan, Haotian, Zhu, Lijing, Guo, Shiyong, Wang, Zefang, Ye, Aojun, Lin, Youning, Cui, Luman, Tan, Xing, Liu, Huanlin, Wang, Mingli, Chen, Jing, Zhong, Yanqing, Du, Wensi, Wang, Guangling, Lai, Tingting, Cao, Mengdi, Yang, Tao, Xu, Yuanfang, Li, Ling, Yu, Qian, Zhuang, Zhenkun, Xia, Ying, Lei, Ying, An, Yingjie, Cheng, Mengnan, Zhao, Yun, Han, Lei, Yuan, Yue, Song, Xinxiang, Song, Yumo, Gu, Liqin, Liu, Chang, Lin, Xiumei, Wang, Ruiqi, Wang, Zhifeng, Wang, Yang, Li, Shenyu, Li, Huanhuan, Song, Jingjing, Chen, Mengni, Zhou, Wanqiu, Yuan, Nini, Sun, Suhong, Wang, Shiwen, Chen, Yu, Zheng, Mingyuan, Fang, Jiao, Zhang, Ruiyi, Zhang, Shuzhen, Chai, Qinwen, Liu, Jiabing, Wei, Wu, He, Jie, Zhou, Haibo, Sun, Yangang, Liu, Zhen, Liu, Chuanyu, Yao, Jianhua, Liang, Zhifeng, Xu, Xun, Poo, Muming, Li, Chengyu, De Zeeuw, Chris I, Shen, Zhiming, Liu, Zhiyong, Liu, Longqi, Liu, Shiping, Sun, Yidi, Liu, Cirong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Atlases as Topic; Biological evolution; Brain architecture; Callithrix - anatomy & histology; Callithrix - genetics; Cerebellar Cortex - metabolism; Cerebellar Cortex - ultrastructure; Cerebellar plasticity; Cerebellum; Cognitive ability; Connectome; Cortex (motor); Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Functional morphology; Functionals; Gene expression; Gene sequencing; Genes; Glutamate receptors; Granule cells; Image reconstruction; Interneurons; Interneurons - metabolism; Introduced species; Learning; Long-term depression; Macaca - anatomy & histology; Macaca - genetics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mice; Monkeys & apes; Motor skill learning; Motor task performance; Neural networks; Neuroimaging; Pattern analysis; Plastic foam; Primates; Purkinje cells; Purkinje Cells - metabolism; Receptors; Receptors, Glutamate - genetics; Receptors, Glutamate - metabolism; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate - genetics; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate - metabolism; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Rodents; Single-Cell Analysis; Spatial analysis; Spatial discrimination learning; Species Specificity; Synaptic plasticity; Transcriptome; Transcriptomes; Transcriptomics; Vestibular system
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.ado3927

The molecular and cellular organization of the primate cerebellum remains poorly characterized. We obtained single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlases of macaque, marmoset, and mouse cerebella and identified primate-specific cell subtypes, including Purkinje cells and molecular-layer interneurons, that show different expression of the glutamate ionotropic receptor Delta type subunit 2 ( ) gene. Distinct gene expression profiles were found in anterior, posterior, and vestibular regions in all species, whereas region-selective gene expression was predominantly observed in the granular layer of primates and in the Purkinje layer of mice. Gene expression gradients in the cerebellar cortex matched well with functional connectivity gradients revealed with awake functional magnetic resonance imaging, with more lobule-specific differences between primates and mice than between two primate species. These comprehensive atlases and comparative analyses provide the basis for understanding cerebellar evolution and function.