Light‐Driven Green‐Fabricated Artificial Intelligence‐Enabled Micro/Nanorobots for Multimodal Phototherapeutic Management of Bladder Cancer

• Published in: Advanced healthcare materials 2024-12, Vol.13 (32), p.e2402864-n/a
• Main Authors: Hsiao, Chi‐Hung, Lin, Yung‐Wei, Liu, Chia‐Hung, Nguyen, Hieu Trung, Chuang, Andrew E.‐Y.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anticancer properties; Antitumor activity; Artificial intelligence; Bladder; Bladder cancer; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Cell death; Cell Line, Tumor; Chitosan; Chitosan - chemistry; chlamydomonas; Cytotoxicity; Disease management; Humans; Hypoxia; immune modulation; Immune system; Immunological memory; Immunomodulation; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Macrophages; Memory cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microrobots; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Photosynthesis; phototherapeutic effect; Phototherapy; Phototherapy - methods; Polymers - chemistry; Polypyrroles; Pyrroles - chemistry; Pyrroles - pharmacology; Therapy; Tumor microenvironment; Tumor Microenvironment - drug effects; Tumors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - therapy
• ISSN: 2192-2640; 2192-2659; 2192-2659
• DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402864

Combination therapy based on precise phototherapies combined with immune modulation provides successful antitumor effects. In this study, a combination therapy is designed based on phototactic, photosynthetic, and phototherapeutic Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii (CHL)‐glycol chitosan (GCS)‐polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticle (NP)‐enhanced immunity combined with the tumor microenvironment turnover of cytotoxic T cells and M1/M2 macrophages, which is based on photothermal GCS‐PPy NPs decorated onto the phototactic and photosynthetic CHL. Phototherapy based on CHL‐GCS‐PPy NPs alleviates hypoxia and modulates the tumor immune microenvironment, which induces tumor cell death. In particular, the precise antitumor immune response and potent immune memory induced by combining self‐navigated phototherapies significantly alleviate the progression of bladder cancer in C57BL/6 mice and effectively inhibit bladder tumor growth. Furthermore, they also potentially prevent tumor recurrence, which provides a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical tumor therapy. A combination therapy using phototactic, photosynthetic, and phototherapeutic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii‐glycol chitosan‐polypyrrole nanoparticles (CHL‐GCS‐PPy NPs) enhances immunity and modulates the tumor microenvironment. This approach effectively inhibits bladder tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice, offering a promising strategy for clinical cancer therapy.