Response to treatment, relapse and outcome of two dogs treated for Mycobacterium avium infection

A 3‐year‐old male neutered Golden Retriever with nasal swelling and lymphadenopathy was diagnosed with diffuse Mycobacterium avium infection. Treatment with 9 months of enrofloxacin, clarithromycin and rifampicin was successful, but relapsed 10 months later with lymphadenopathy, skin plaques and tes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of small animal practice 2024-11, Vol.65 (11), p.838-844
Main Authors: Coates, V., Taylor, S., D'Aout, C., Sanchez Jimenez, C., O'Halloran, C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin - therapeutic use
Diagnosis
Dog Diseases - drug therapy
Dog Diseases - microbiology
Dogs
Doxycycline
Drug Therapy, Combination
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin - therapeutic use
Ethambutol
Ethambutol - therapeutic use
Fluoroquinolones - therapeutic use
Infections
Lymphadenopathy
Male
Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium avium - drug effects
Polyarthritis
Recurrence
Rifampin
Rifampin - therapeutic use
Skin tests
Survival
Treatment Outcome
Tuberculosis - drug therapy
Tuberculosis - veterinary
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Summary:A 3‐year‐old male neutered Golden Retriever with nasal swelling and lymphadenopathy was diagnosed with diffuse Mycobacterium avium infection. Treatment with 9 months of enrofloxacin, clarithromycin and rifampicin was successful, but relapsed 10 months later with lymphadenopathy, skin plaques and testicular involvement. Repeat treatment for 12 months was effective but 15 months later a second relapse responded to the same therapy which is ongoing with survival from diagnosis of 82 months. A 1‐year‐old male neutered Portuguese Podengo was diagnosed with polyarthritis and M. avium infection and treated with enrofloxacin, clarithromycin and rifampicin for 4 months but relapsed, subsequently responding to combined pradofloxacin, rifampicin, doxycycline and ethambutol. After 12 months of treatment, M. avium was detected and treatment extended to 17 months before stopping when no organism was detected. Relapse occurred after 6 weeks, responding to retreatment but relapsing (polyarthropathy, lymphadenomegaly) after 15 months, with euthanasia 38 months after diagnosis. Dogs with M. avium are challenging to treat with frequent relapse; however, long‐term survival is possible.
ISSN:0022-4510
1748-5827
1748-5827
DOI:10.1111/jsap.13788