Nuclear integration of MYB36 and APX-1 genes impart heat tolerance in wheat

• Published in: Functional & integrative genomics 2024-10, Vol.24 (5), p.185, Article 185
• Main Authors: Firdous, Hina, Ali, Arfan, Zafar, Muhammad Mubashar, Joyia, Faiz Ahmad, Hamza, Muhammad, Razzaq, Abdul, Uzair, Muhammad, Ercisli, Sezai, Chattha, Waqas Shafqat, Seleiman, Mahmoud F., Khan, Naeem, Jiang, Xuefei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Agrobacterium; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Biochemistry; Bioinformatics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cell Biology; Climate change; Crop improvement; Crop yield; Explants; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes; Genetic engineering; Genetic transformation; Grain; Heat; Heat tolerance; High temperature; Hot Temperature; Insects; Life Sciences; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Nutrient deficiency; Nutritive value; Plant bacterial diseases; Plant breeding; Plant Genetics and Genomics; Plant Proteins - genetics; Plant Proteins - metabolism; Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics; Stress; Thermotolerance - genetics; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism; Transgenic plants; Triticum - genetics; Wheat
• ISSN: 1438-793X; 1438-7948; 1438-7948
• DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01456-2

Elevated temperatures during grain filling stage, exceeding the optimal range by 3–4 °C, not only results in a substantial yield reduction in wheat by 10–50% but activates disease and insect infestation. In this research, we introduced heat-tolerant MYB36 and APX-1 gene cassettes into wheat, employing an efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation protocol, demonstrating higher transformation efficiency. The study encompassed the assembly of MYB36 and APX-1 gene cassettes, and confirmation of gene products in Agrobacterium , followed by the transformation of the MYB36 and APX-1 genes into wheat explants. We were able to select transgenic plant with various combinations. The transgenic plants with APX-1 gene alone produced medium sized grain and spike whereas with both APX-1 and MYB36 genes expressed individually under SPS and rd29a promoter respectively showed good tolerance to heat at 32 o C at grain filling/milking stage and produced relatively bold grains. While non-transgenic plants grains were wrinkled with thin spike showing susceptibility to heat. This research contributes to the broader scientific understanding of plant stress responses and the combined effectiveness of MYB36 and APX-1 genes in crop improvement without disturbing normal nutritional values. The gene integration can serve as a valuable tool in breeding programs aimed at developing heat-tolerant wheat varieties. These findings also advance our comprehension of the functions of heat-induced genes and lay the foundation for selecting optimal candidates for in-depth functional studies of heat-responsive MYB36 and APX-1 genes in wheat.