Advancing against drug-resistant tuberculosis: an extensive review, novel strategies and patent landscape

• Published in: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 2024-10
• Main Authors: Patel, Meghana N, Patel, Archita J, Nandpal, Manish N, Raval, Manan A, Patel, Ravish J, Patel, Amit A, Paudel, Keshav Raj, Hansbro, Philip M, Singh, Sachin Kumar, Gupta, Gaurav, Dua, Kamal, Patel, Samir G
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0028-1298; 1432-1912; 1432-1912
• DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03466-0

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) represents a pressing global health issue, leading to heightened morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research efforts, the escalation of DR-TB cases underscores the urgent need for enhanced prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. This review delves deep into the molecular and genetic origins of different types of DR-TB, highlighting recent breakthroughs in detection and diagnosis, including Rapid Diagnostic Tests like Xpert Ultra, Whole Genome Sequencing, and AI-based tools along with latest viewpoints on diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB utilizing newer and repurposed drug molecules. Special emphasis is given to the pivotal role of novel drugs and discusses updated treatment regimens endorsed by governing bodies, alongside innovative personalized drug-delivery systems such as nano-carriers, along with an analysis of relevant patents in this area. All the compiled information highlights the inherent challenges of current DR-TB treatments, discussing their complexity, potential side effects, and the socioeconomic strain they impose, particularly in under-resourced regions, emphasizing the cost-effective and accessible solutions. By offering insights, this review aims to serve as a compass for researchers, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers, emphasizing the critical need for ongoing R&D to improve treatments and broaden access to crucial TB interventions.