Australian males and females have similar rates of presentation for symptomatic and advanced thyroid cancer: Retrospective analysis of the Australian New Zealand Thyroid Cancer Registry

Introduction Thyroid cancer is more commonly diagnosed in females, however recent research has challenged whether this finding is due to a true difference in biology or rates of diagnosis, with concerns that over‐diagnosis may be a factor in differences. The rates of symptomatic versus incidental di...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:World journal of surgery 2024-12, Vol.48 (12), p.2934-2940
Main Authors: Tong, Chai Wei, Bhimani, Nazim, Nickel, Brooke, Serpell, Jonathan, Glover, Anthony
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Australia - epidemiology
Female
Humans
incidence
Male
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Staging
New Zealand - epidemiology
Registries
Retrospective Studies
sex disparity
Sex Factors
thyroid cancer
Thyroid Neoplasms - epidemiology
Thyroid Neoplasms - pathology
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Summary:Introduction Thyroid cancer is more commonly diagnosed in females, however recent research has challenged whether this finding is due to a true difference in biology or rates of diagnosis, with concerns that over‐diagnosis may be a factor in differences. The rates of symptomatic versus incidental diagnosis by males and females is not well known. This study used the Australian and New Zealand Thyroid Cancer Registry (ANZTCR) to explore whether symptomatic presentation varies between sexes. Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis on ANZTCR data between 2017 and 2022 was performed. Symptomatic cases were those with thyroid compressing symptoms, toxic goiter, Graves' disease, or abnormal laryngoscopy. Cases with asymptomatic goiter or surgeries for a thyroid nodule were classified as incidental. Results Among 1082 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, 32% of males and 38% of females presented with symptomatic thyroid disease (p = 0.06). A similar rate of presentation of advanced thyroid cancer (T3/4) was seen with male and female patients (n = 70, 47% vs. n = 79, 53%). Females exhibited a higher prevalence of low‐risk relapse cancers according to American Thyroid Association stratification (66.3% vs. 50.4%), whereas males exhibited a higher prevalence of high‐risk relapse cancers compared to females (27.3% vs. 15.3%, p 
ISSN:0364-2313
1432-2323
1432-2323
DOI:10.1002/wjs.12373