Secretory Phospholipase A2 as a Promising Biomarker for Predicting Acute Chest Syndrome in Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2024-09, Vol.16 (9), p.e69053
• Main Authors: Alsabri, Mohammed, Elsnhory, Ahmed B, Alattar, Omar, Ahmed, Noha, Ashraf, Sarah, Alassri, Riffa
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69053

Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Early identification of patients at risk for ACS is crucial for timely intervention. There is a potential association between ACS and elevated levels of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), an enzyme involved in the breakdown of phospholipids. sPLA2 has emerged as a promising biomarker for predicting ACS. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic value of PLA2 in predicting ACS among children with SCD. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies assessing the relationship between sPLA2 levels and ACS in SCD patients were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated to assess sPLA2's diagnostic accuracy. There is a potential association between significant association between elevated sPLA2 levels and increased ACS risk in SCD patients. The pooled sensitivity of sPLA2 for predicting ACS was 0.766 (95% CI: 0.620-0.877), with a pooled specificity of 0.736 (95% CI: 0.680-0.787). The AUC of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.84, indicating good discriminatory ability. sPLA2 emerges as a promising biomarker for predicting ACS in SCD patients, potentially guiding risk stratification and early intervention strategies to enhance patient outcomes. Nonetheless, further prospective studies are warranted to validate its clinical utility and standardize sPLA2 assay protocols.