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Intersection of CBRN, military forensic science, and counterterrorism
The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required that forensic science was used beyond the traditional law enforcement and criminal justice goals and applied to military operations. The 9/11 terror attacks in the United States (US) inspired further attacks in the Western World and highlighted the importanc...
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Published in: | Forensic science international 2024-11, Vol.364, p.112218, Article 112218 |
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description | The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required that forensic science was used beyond the traditional law enforcement and criminal justice goals and applied to military operations. The 9/11 terror attacks in the United States (US) inspired further attacks in the Western World and highlighted the importance of national and international intelligence sharing for counterterrorism operations. Following the 9/11 attacks, anthrax was disseminated in the US mail system, demonstrating a successful modern use of biological agents. As a result, nations enhanced their Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) capabilities to prevent, prepare, respond, and recover from CBRN attacks but in the last decade, there has been a decrease in capabilities across military forensic science, counterterrorism, and CBRN. Recent changes in the global and strategic environment such as, the war in the Ukraine, the threat of grey zone conflicts (below the threshold of war) such as the conflict in the Middle East, and strategic competition, indicates international, national, state and local CBRN capabilities need to be reinvigorated in a world under digital transformations. There is a need for a harmonized approach to enhance the integration of military, law enforcement, and CBRN operations to support decision-making. In this paper, we look back to where we have come from and where we are now to make recommendations on where to from here for military forensic science and counterterrorism, including CBRN which intersects both of these systems.
•There has been a decrease in military forensic science and CBRN capabilities over the last decade.•Due to the political, strategic, and operational environments there is a need for the forensics community to review contemporary practices.•Enhance integration of military forensic science, counterterrorism, and CBRN is needed. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112218 |
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•There has been a decrease in military forensic science and CBRN capabilities over the last decade.•Due to the political, strategic, and operational environments there is a need for the forensics community to review contemporary practices.•Enhance integration of military forensic science, counterterrorism, and CBRN is needed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0379-0738</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1872-6283</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-6283</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112218</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39423473</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Anthrax ; Biological & chemical terrorism ; Biological & chemical weapons ; Biological effects ; Biological Warfare Agents ; Bioterrorism ; Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) ; Committees ; Convictions ; Counterterrorism ; Decision making ; Education ; Forensic intelligence ; Forensic science ; Forensic sciences ; Forensic Sciences - methods ; Humans ; Improvised Explosive Device (IED) ; International Cooperation ; Judicial system ; Law enforcement ; Local elections ; Military ; Military operations ; Military Science ; System of system ; Terrorism ; Threats ; Training ; War</subject><ispartof>Forensic science international, 2024-11, Vol.364, p.112218, Article 112218</ispartof><rights>2024</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Nov 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c275t-c9c295f8940ca3a0c11f1b56b291e5c9698ee61743a13aaefff2748ad0c263563</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39423473$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roffey, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lothridge, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowan, Sen Sgt Andy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crispino, Frank</creatorcontrib><title>Intersection of CBRN, military forensic science, and counterterrorism</title><title>Forensic science international</title><addtitle>Forensic Sci Int</addtitle><description>The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required that forensic science was used beyond the traditional law enforcement and criminal justice goals and applied to military operations. The 9/11 terror attacks in the United States (US) inspired further attacks in the Western World and highlighted the importance of national and international intelligence sharing for counterterrorism operations. Following the 9/11 attacks, anthrax was disseminated in the US mail system, demonstrating a successful modern use of biological agents. As a result, nations enhanced their Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) capabilities to prevent, prepare, respond, and recover from CBRN attacks but in the last decade, there has been a decrease in capabilities across military forensic science, counterterrorism, and CBRN. Recent changes in the global and strategic environment such as, the war in the Ukraine, the threat of grey zone conflicts (below the threshold of war) such as the conflict in the Middle East, and strategic competition, indicates international, national, state and local CBRN capabilities need to be reinvigorated in a world under digital transformations. There is a need for a harmonized approach to enhance the integration of military, law enforcement, and CBRN operations to support decision-making. In this paper, we look back to where we have come from and where we are now to make recommendations on where to from here for military forensic science and counterterrorism, including CBRN which intersects both of these systems.
•There has been a decrease in military forensic science and CBRN capabilities over the last decade.•Due to the political, strategic, and operational environments there is a need for the forensics community to review contemporary practices.•Enhance integration of military forensic science, counterterrorism, and CBRN is needed.</description><subject>Anthrax</subject><subject>Biological & chemical terrorism</subject><subject>Biological & chemical weapons</subject><subject>Biological effects</subject><subject>Biological Warfare Agents</subject><subject>Bioterrorism</subject><subject>Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN)</subject><subject>Committees</subject><subject>Convictions</subject><subject>Counterterrorism</subject><subject>Decision making</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Forensic intelligence</subject><subject>Forensic science</subject><subject>Forensic sciences</subject><subject>Forensic Sciences - methods</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Improvised Explosive Device (IED)</subject><subject>International Cooperation</subject><subject>Judicial system</subject><subject>Law enforcement</subject><subject>Local elections</subject><subject>Military</subject><subject>Military operations</subject><subject>Military Science</subject><subject>System of system</subject><subject>Terrorism</subject><subject>Threats</subject><subject>Training</subject><subject>War</subject><issn>0379-0738</issn><issn>1872-6283</issn><issn>1872-6283</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkE1LAzEQhoMotlb_gi548dCtmWQ_j7VULRQF0XNIsxPIsrupya7gvzeltQcvwkAuzzvv5CHkBugMKGT39Uxb55UxXT9jlCUzAMagOCFjKHIWZ6zgp2RMeV7GNOfFiFx4X1NK05Rl52TEy4TxJOdjslx1PTqPqje2i6yOFg9vL9OoNY3ppfuOQg123qgolGGncBrJroqUHXaxMM4649tLcqZl4_Hq8E7Ix-PyffEcr1-fVov5OlYsT_tYlYqVqS7KhCrJJVUAGjZptmElYKrKrCwQM8gTLoFLiVprlieFrKhiGU8zPiF3-71bZz8H9L1ojVfYNLJDO3jBAQpOE6A0oLd_0NoOrgvXBYrRFEIbBCrfU8pZ7x1qsXWmDR8XQMXOtKjF0bTYmRZ70yF5fdg_bFqsjrlftQGY7wEMQr4MOnFQWBkXdIvKmn9LfgC3lJJi</recordid><startdate>202411</startdate><enddate>202411</enddate><creator>Wilson, Lauren</creator><creator>Roffey, Paul</creator><creator>Lothridge, Kevin</creator><creator>Rowan, Sen Sgt Andy</creator><creator>Crispino, Frank</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202411</creationdate><title>Intersection of CBRN, military forensic science, and counterterrorism</title><author>Wilson, Lauren ; Roffey, Paul ; Lothridge, Kevin ; Rowan, Sen Sgt Andy ; Crispino, Frank</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c275t-c9c295f8940ca3a0c11f1b56b291e5c9698ee61743a13aaefff2748ad0c263563</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Anthrax</topic><topic>Biological & chemical terrorism</topic><topic>Biological & chemical weapons</topic><topic>Biological effects</topic><topic>Biological Warfare Agents</topic><topic>Bioterrorism</topic><topic>Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN)</topic><topic>Committees</topic><topic>Convictions</topic><topic>Counterterrorism</topic><topic>Decision making</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Forensic intelligence</topic><topic>Forensic science</topic><topic>Forensic sciences</topic><topic>Forensic Sciences - methods</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Improvised Explosive Device (IED)</topic><topic>International Cooperation</topic><topic>Judicial system</topic><topic>Law enforcement</topic><topic>Local elections</topic><topic>Military</topic><topic>Military operations</topic><topic>Military Science</topic><topic>System of system</topic><topic>Terrorism</topic><topic>Threats</topic><topic>Training</topic><topic>War</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roffey, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lothridge, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowan, Sen Sgt Andy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crispino, Frank</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Forensic science international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wilson, Lauren</au><au>Roffey, Paul</au><au>Lothridge, Kevin</au><au>Rowan, Sen Sgt Andy</au><au>Crispino, Frank</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Intersection of CBRN, military forensic science, and counterterrorism</atitle><jtitle>Forensic science international</jtitle><addtitle>Forensic Sci Int</addtitle><date>2024-11</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>364</volume><spage>112218</spage><pages>112218-</pages><artnum>112218</artnum><issn>0379-0738</issn><issn>1872-6283</issn><eissn>1872-6283</eissn><abstract>The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required that forensic science was used beyond the traditional law enforcement and criminal justice goals and applied to military operations. The 9/11 terror attacks in the United States (US) inspired further attacks in the Western World and highlighted the importance of national and international intelligence sharing for counterterrorism operations. Following the 9/11 attacks, anthrax was disseminated in the US mail system, demonstrating a successful modern use of biological agents. As a result, nations enhanced their Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) capabilities to prevent, prepare, respond, and recover from CBRN attacks but in the last decade, there has been a decrease in capabilities across military forensic science, counterterrorism, and CBRN. Recent changes in the global and strategic environment such as, the war in the Ukraine, the threat of grey zone conflicts (below the threshold of war) such as the conflict in the Middle East, and strategic competition, indicates international, national, state and local CBRN capabilities need to be reinvigorated in a world under digital transformations. There is a need for a harmonized approach to enhance the integration of military, law enforcement, and CBRN operations to support decision-making. In this paper, we look back to where we have come from and where we are now to make recommendations on where to from here for military forensic science and counterterrorism, including CBRN which intersects both of these systems.
•There has been a decrease in military forensic science and CBRN capabilities over the last decade.•Due to the political, strategic, and operational environments there is a need for the forensics community to review contemporary practices.•Enhance integration of military forensic science, counterterrorism, and CBRN is needed.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>39423473</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112218</doi></addata></record> |
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subjects | Anthrax Biological & chemical terrorism Biological & chemical weapons Biological effects Biological Warfare Agents Bioterrorism Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Committees Convictions Counterterrorism Decision making Education Forensic intelligence Forensic science Forensic sciences Forensic Sciences - methods Humans Improvised Explosive Device (IED) International Cooperation Judicial system Law enforcement Local elections Military Military operations Military Science System of system Terrorism Threats Training War |
title | Intersection of CBRN, military forensic science, and counterterrorism |
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