Non-surgical spinal cord infarction: case series & long-term follow-up of functional outcome

• Published in: Spinal cord series and cases 2024-10, Vol.10 (1), p.73, Article 73
• Main Authors: McBride, Fionán, Anketell, Jane, McDonnell, Gavin V., Maguire, Suzanne, Doherty, Karen M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 692/1807/1693; 692/699/375/1824; 692/699/375/534; 692/700/139; 692/700/228/491; Adult; Anatomy; Anticoagulants - therapeutic use; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Case Report; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Human Physiology; Humans; Infarction; Magnetic resonance imaging; Male; Neurochemistry; Neuropsychology; Neurosciences; Recovery of Function; Spinal cord; Spinal Cord - blood supply; Spinal Cord - diagnostic imaging
• ISSN: 2058-6124; 2058-6124
• DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00665-y

Introduction Spinal cord infarction is a rare but often devastating disorder. The pathogenesis of most non-surgical cases involves atherothrombosis and treatment with anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents may be indicated. Functional recovery in most cases is poor. We describe five cases of spinal cord infarction and provide details on their functional outcomes after long-term (>10 years) follow-up. Case presentation A 28-year-old female presented at 16 weeks gestation with chest and back pain and paraesthesia in her fingers. Magnetic resonance imaging on admission revealed a spinal cord lesion extending from C5-T8. She was treated with anticoagulation and rehabilitation. Six years following presentation she was able to return to work. A 42-year-old male experiencing central chest pain and leg weakness was initially diagnosed as having acute coronary syndrome. Following discharge, he was re-admitted with urinary retention and leg weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spinal cord lesion extending from T4 to T7. He was treated with anticoagulation, and eight months following presentation he regained full muscle strength but required intermittent self-catherisation. Three further cases are described. Discussion The aetiology of non-surgical spinal cord infarction is not always evident, but is commonly associated with atherothrombosis. There are often delays in making a diagnosis, but early recognition and prompt treatment of spinal cord infarction is essential. Long-term functional outcomes are often poor and typically reflect the severity of initial presentation. This case series is unique as it has one of the longest follow-up periods described in the literature.