A Case of Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Diagnosed by Brain Biopsy

A 40-year-old Japanese man with human immunodeficiency virus presented with disturbance of consciousness 2 years after dropping out. He was emaciated without any zoster skin lesions, and his CD4+ lymphocyte count was 4 cells/μL. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection and pneumocystis pneumonia w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Internal Medicine 2024, pp.4212-24
Main Authors: Yoshimura, Yukihiro, Nakase, Dai, So, Yuna, Miyata, Nobuyuki, Takahashi, Kenta, Katano, Harutaka, Chiba, Sawako, Tateishi, Yoko
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
encephalitis
HIV/AIDS
Varicella zoster virus
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Summary:A 40-year-old Japanese man with human immunodeficiency virus presented with disturbance of consciousness 2 years after dropping out. He was emaciated without any zoster skin lesions, and his CD4+ lymphocyte count was 4 cells/μL. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection and pneumocystis pneumonia were diagnosed, and a brain biopsy revealed varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis with multiple real-time polymerase chain reaction tests and immunochemistry. Antiretroviral therapy and intravenous acyclovir were administered, and the patient survived with neurological sequelae. VZV encephalitis is rare, particularly among people with AIDS, but it is a significant disease with a poor prognosis.
ISSN:0918-2918
1349-7235
1349-7235
DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.4212-24