Synergistic Action of Rutin‐Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Targeting Biofilm Formation Receptors of Dental Pathogens and Modulating Apoptosis Genes for Enhanced Oral Anticancer Activity

• Published in: Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 2024-11, Vol.38 (11), p.e70030-n/a
• Main Authors: Shaik, Mohammed Rafi, Ramasamy, Mohankumar, Jain, Divya, Muthu, Kesavan, Marunganathan, Vanitha, Manivannan, Chandrakumar, Hussain, Shaik Althaf, Deepak, Paramasivam, Thiyagarajulu, Nathiya, Guru, Ajay, Venkatesan, Dhivya
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: anticancer; Anticancer properties; antimicrobial; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Antitumor activity; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Biofilms; Biofilms - drug effects; Candida albicans - drug effects; Cell Line, Tumor; Dental materials; Drug Synergism; Free radicals; Genes; Humans; KB cells; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Molecular docking; Molecular Docking Simulation; nanoparticle; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Oral cancer; Pathogens; Receptors; Robustness; Rutin; Rutin - chemistry; Rutin - pharmacology; Scavenging; Streptococcus mutans - drug effects; Up-regulation; Zinc oxide; Zinc Oxide - chemistry; Zinc Oxide - pharmacology; Zinc oxides
• ISSN: 1095-6670; 1099-0461; 1099-0461
• DOI: 10.1002/jbt.70030

ABSTRACT Oral diseases are often associated with bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. This research explored a novel approach to addressing these pathogens by synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) coated with rutin (RT), a plant‐derived compound. The synthesized ZnO‐RT NPs were comprehensively characterized using UV‐Vis spectrophotometer, SEM, and EDAX techniques to confirm their structural composition. The antioxidant potential was assessed through free radical scavenging assays. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of ZnO‐RT NPs was evaluated using a zone of inhibition assay against oral pathogens. Molecular docking studies with the Autodock tool were performed to elucidate the interactions between RT and the receptors of oral pathogens. The findings demonstrated that ZnO‐RT NPs exhibited robust free radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, they showed significant antimicrobial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 μg/mL against oral pathogens. ZnO‐RT NPs also displayed dose‐dependent anticancer effects on human oral cancer cells at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/mL. Mechanistic insights into the anticancer activity on KB cells revealed the upregulation of apoptotic genes. This study underscores the promising potential of ZnO‐RT NPs for dental applications due to their strong antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. These nanoparticles offer a hopeful prospect for addressing oral pathogen challenges and enhancing overall oral health.   Summary Zinc oxide‐tutin nanoparticle (ZnO‐RT NPs) exhibited robust free radical scavenging activity. It showed significant antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. ZnO‐RT NPs also displayed dose‐dependent anticancer effects on human oral cancer cells. Mechanism action of ZnO‐RT NPs revealed the upregulation of apoptotic genes.