The aluminum nanoparticle-encircled SQ-in-water emulsions (ANSWE) as a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) for developing robust mucosal subunit vaccines

• Published in: Biomaterials advances 2025-01, Vol.166, p.214076, Article 214076
• Main Authors: Gao, Yuhao, Wang, Ning, Qi, Yuanyuan, Wang, Xiujuan, Zhang, Keyi, Zhang, Yuxi, Cao, Yachen, Zhang, Tairan, Wang, Ting
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage; Adjuvants, Immunologic - chemistry; Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacology; Adjuvants, Vaccine - chemistry; Aluminum - chemistry; Animals; Antigen cross-presentation; Antigen-Presenting Cells - immunology; Cytokines - metabolism; Emulsions; Humans; Intrapulmonary immunization; Lysosome escape; Membrane disturbance; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Mice; Mucosal immunity; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Squalene - chemistry; Vaccine adjuvant-delivery system; Vaccines, Subunit - administration & dosage; Vaccines, Subunit - immunology; Water - chemistry
• ISSN: 2772-9508; 2772-9508
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214076

The aluminum nanoparticle-encircled squalene (SQ)-in-water emulsions (ANSWE) were engineered as a VADS (vaccine adjuvant-delivery system) using a simple procedure for carrying antigens (Ag) to develop subunit vaccines. In vitro, due to possessing the synergistic adjuvanticity of both AN and SQ, ANSWE were efficiently taken up by APC (antigen-presenting cells) and triggered them to mature and make extra ROS (reactive oxygen species) and multiple cytokines, such as IL-12, IL-1β and IFN-β, which favor balanced Th1/Th2 immunoresponses. Within APC, ANSWE managed lysosome escape and consequently enhanced proteasome activities to facilitate Ag cross-presentation. Mice given twice ovalbumin-ANSWE via intrapulmonary vaccination (IPV) produced high levels of anti-Ag antibodies as well as cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which efficiently erased cells bearing cognate Ag. Thus, ANSWE as a potent VADS may be feasible for developing mucosal subunit vaccines that can elicit comprehensive immunity against infectious diseases, including especially the respiratory infections, and even aggressive cancers. The aluminum nanoparticle-encircled squalene-in-water emulsions (ANSWE) are a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) capable of inducing mice to establish powerful and comprehensive immunity that is efficient in erasing the in vivo entities displaying cognate antigens. [Display omitted] •Aluminum nanoparticle-encircled squalene-in-water emulsions (ANSWE) were made.•ANSWE are efficiently laoded with antigens due to phosphophilicity of AN.•ANSWE trigger APC to make IL-12/-1β and IFN-β favoring mixed Th1/Th2 response.•ANSWE render intracellualr antigens lysosome escape promoting cellular immunity.•ANSWE elicited CTLs in mice efficiently erased in vivo cells displaying cognate antigens.