Preparation, characterization, and in vivo activity of Gossypium hirsutum niosomes against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in a murine model: Parasite burden, gene expression, and histopathological profiling

• Published in: Experimental parasitology 2024-12, Vol.267, p.108859, Article 108859
• Main Authors: Sharifi, Iraj, Salarkia, Ehsan, Dabiri, Shahriar, Pardakhty, Abbas, Sharifi, Fatemeh, Mohamadi, Neda
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alternative therapy; Animals; Cytokines - genetics; Cytokines - metabolism; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gene Expression - drug effects; Gossypium - chemistry; Gossypium hirsutum niosomes; Leishmania major - drug effects; Leishmaniasis; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - drug therapy; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - pathology; Liposomes; Mechanism of action; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning - veterinary; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nanocarrier; Parasite Load; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spleen - parasitology; Spleen - pathology
• ISSN: 0014-4894; 1090-2449; 1090-2449
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108859

The use of conventional drugs is not a satisfactory treatment for the disease. Therefore, there is a crucial need for alternative therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-leishmanial activity of Gossypium hirsutum niosomes against cutaneous leishmaniasis in a murine model and evaluate their effectiveness by assessing parasite burden, immunomodulatory gene expression, and histopathological profile. We prepared G. hirsutum niosomes and characterized their morphology, size, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and encapsulation efficiency. The in vivo anti-leishmanial activity of the niosomes was evaluated by assessing parasite burden, histopathological profile, and gene expression level. The spleen parasite load in BALB/c mice treated with different groups of G. hirsutum niosomes and G. hirsutum extracts (30%), demonstrated a significant decrease compared to Glucantime®. The least number of leishmanial parasites was observed in H and E-stained histological sections (grade+1), followed by G. hirsutum niosomes or G. hirsutum crude extract (grade+3), Glucantime® (grade+4) and the highest number in the untreated control group (grade+6). There was a substantial difference (P