Alternative Treatments for Zirconium Oxide to Compare Commonly Used Surface Treatments to Determine Which Has the Least Effect on the Phase Transformation

Traditional mechanical processing of zirconium leads to an unfavorable transformation, from a metastable tetragonal phase to a monoclinic phase (t→m), which weakens the structure of the material and subsequently leads to damage to the prosthetic restoration. The aim of this research is to compare co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2024-11, Vol.17 (21), p.5175
Main Authors: Śmielak, Beata, Klimek, Leszek
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ceramics
Chemical etching
Crack propagation
Cylindrical grinding
Diffraction
Diffraction patterns
Grain size
Heat conductivity
Implants, Artificial
Laser processing
Lasers
Phase transitions
Plasma etching
Plasma processing
Prostheses
Prosthesis
Sandblasting
Sintering
Surface roughness
Surface treatment
Temperature
Wettability
X-rays
Zirconium
Zirconium oxide
Zirconium oxides
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Summary:Traditional mechanical processing of zirconium leads to an unfavorable transformation, from a metastable tetragonal phase to a monoclinic phase (t→m), which weakens the structure of the material and subsequently leads to damage to the prosthetic restoration. The aim of this research is to compare commonly used surface treatments to determine which has the least effect on t→m. Thirty cylindrical samples made of sintered zirconium were divided into six groups based on the following treatments: polishing, grinding, sandblasting, chemical etching, laser structuring or dry plasma etching. After surface treatment, the samples were subjected to the following tests: X-Ray Diffraction, microscopic examination, surface wettability and surface roughness measurements. Chemical etching, laser structuring and plasma etching significantly reduce the content of the monoclinic phase. All surface treatments significantly reduced the final amount of the monoclinic phase. However, chemical etching did not provide sufficient surface roughness. Both laser and plasma processing offer the advantage of creating structural patterns on the surface of elements. However, as plasma etching requires a mask to obtain the appropriate pattern on the surface, it seems that laser processing offers more and varied structuring possibilities. Laser structuring is easier to control and more economical than the other methods.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma17215175