Photodynamic therapy reduces viability, enhances itraconazole activity, and impairs mitochondrial physiology of Sporothrix brasiliensis

Sporothrix brasiliensis is the main agent of sporotrichosis in Brazil, with few therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro efficacy of photodynamic therapy using a diode laser (InGaAIP) in combination with the photosensitizer methylene blue against S. brasiliensis yeasts. Addi...

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Published in:Microbes and infection 2024-11, p.105440, Article 105440
Main Authors: Ramos, Mariana Lucy Mesquita, Barrinha, Azuil, Araújo, Glauber Ribeiro de Sousa, Alves, Vinicius, Andrade, Iara Bastos de, Corrêa-Junior, Dario, Motta, Maria Cristina Machado, Almeida-Paes, Rodrigo, Frases, Susana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Methylene blue
Oxygen consumption rate
Photodynamic therapy
Sporotrichosis
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Summary:Sporothrix brasiliensis is the main agent of sporotrichosis in Brazil, with few therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro efficacy of photodynamic therapy using a diode laser (InGaAIP) in combination with the photosensitizer methylene blue against S. brasiliensis yeasts. Additionally, we evaluated the underexplored mitochondrial activity of S. brasiliensis and the impact of laser treatment on the fungal mitochondrial aspects post-treatment. Three strains of S. brasiliensis were used, including a non-wild-type strain to itraconazole. Yeast viability was determined by counting colony-forming units. For a comprehensive analysis of irradiated versus non-irradiated cells, we assessed combined therapy with itraconazole, scanning electron microscopy of cells, and mitochondrial activity. The latter included high-resolution respirometry, membrane potential analysis, and reactive oxygen species production. Methylene blue combined with photodynamic therapy inhibited the growth of the isolates, including the non-wild-type strain to itraconazole. Photodynamic therapy induced the production of reactive oxygen species, which negatively affected mitochondrial function, resulting in decreased membrane potential and cell death. Photodynamic therapy altered the ultrastructure and mitochondrial physiology of S. brasiliensis, suggesting a new therapeutic approach for sporotrichosis caused by this species. [Display omitted]
ISSN:1286-4579
1769-714X
1769-714X
DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105440