Sex Differences in Metabolic Disorders of Aging and Obesity in People with HIV

Purpose of Review As advances in antiretroviral therapy for people with HIV (PWH) have prolonged lifespans, prevalence of aging and obesity related metabolic disorders have increased. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent research assessing sex differences in metabolic disorders among PW...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current HIV/AIDS reports 2025-12, Vol.22 (1), p.3, Article 3
Main Authors: Alvarez, Jessica A., Yang, Chin-An, Ojuri, Victoria, Buckley, Kahsavyah, Bedi, Brahmchetna, Musonge-Effoe, Joffi, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah, Lahiri, Cecile D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Aging - physiology
Antiretroviral therapy
Body weight gain
Bone loss
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Disease resistance
Dyslipidemia
Female
Fibrosis
HIV
HIV Infections - complications
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Insulin Resistance
Liver diseases
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases - complications
Metabolic Diseases - epidemiology
Metabolic Diseases - physiopathology
Metabolic disorders
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - epidemiology
Osteoporosis
Review
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia - epidemiology
Sarcopenia - physiopathology
Sex differences
Sex Factors
Topical Collection on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment
Citations: Items that this one cites
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Summary:Purpose of Review As advances in antiretroviral therapy for people with HIV (PWH) have prolonged lifespans, prevalence of aging and obesity related metabolic disorders have increased. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent research assessing sex differences in metabolic disorders among PWH, including weight gain/obesity, steatotic liver disease, insulin resistance/diabetes, dyslipidemia, bone loss/osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Recent Findings A growing body of evidence shows that women with HIV are at increased risk of developing metabolic disorders compared to men, including body weight gain and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, bone loss, and sarcopenia, while men with HIV are at higher risk for hepatosteatosis and hepatic fibrosis. Summary Future work should prioritize the adequate representation of women in HIV clinical studies. Understanding sex-specific mechanisms underlying metabolic dysfunction in PWH is imperative so that interventions can be developed to address a growing global epidemic of metabolic diseases.
ISSN:1548-3568
1548-3576
1548-3576
DOI:10.1007/s11904-024-00711-2