Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Microplastic Particles on Gut Microbiota Composition and Health Status in Rabbit Livestock

The widespread use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its entry into humans and livestock is of serious concern. In our study, we investigated the impact of PVC treatments on physiological, pathological, hormonal, and microbiota changes in female rabbits. Trend-like alterations in weight were observed...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-12, Vol.25 (23), p.12646
Main Authors: Papp, Péter P, Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett, Libisch, Balázs, Keresztény, Tibor, Gerőcs, Annamária, Posta, Katalin, Hiripi, László, Hegyi, Anna, Gócza, Elen, Szőke, Zsuzsanna, Olasz, Ferenc
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Animals
Drinking water
Estradiol - pharmacology
Estrogen
Feeds
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects
Health aspects
Inflammation
Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects
Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
Kidneys
Liver
Livestock
Livestock - microbiology
Lymphatic system
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Microplastics - toxicity
Ovaries
Pathogens
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Plastic pollution
Polyvinyl Chloride
Rabbits
Small intestine
Spleen
Toxins
Citations: Items that this one cites
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-642716e16447c3f0a63534a4f099ab92a0416cf640f90d51505041d10249434b3
container_end_page
container_issue 23
container_start_page 12646
container_title International journal of molecular sciences
container_volume 25
creator Papp, Péter P
Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett
Libisch, Balázs
Keresztény, Tibor
Gerőcs, Annamária
Posta, Katalin
Hiripi, László
Hegyi, Anna
Gócza, Elen
Szőke, Zsuzsanna
Olasz, Ferenc
description The widespread use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its entry into humans and livestock is of serious concern. In our study, we investigated the impact of PVC treatments on physiological, pathological, hormonal, and microbiota changes in female rabbits. Trend-like alterations in weight were observed in the spleen, liver, and kidney in both low (P1) and high dose (P2) PVC treatment groups. Histopathological examination revealed exfoliation of the intestinal mucosa in the treated groups compared to the control, and microplastic particles were penetrated and embedded in the spleen. Furthermore, both P1 and P2 showed increased 17-beta-estradiol (E2) hormone levels, indicating early sexual maturation. Moreover, the elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels suggest inflammatory reactions associated with PVC treatment. Genus-level analyses of the gut microbiota in group P2 showed several genera with increased or decreased abundance. In conclusion, significant or trend-like correlations were demonstrated between the PVC content of feed and physiological, pathological, and microbiota parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the broad-spectrum effects of PVC microplastic exposure in rabbits. These results highlight the potential health risks associated with PVC microplastic exposure, warranting further investigations in both animals and humans.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijms252312646
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3146915777</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A819951406</galeid><sourcerecordid>A819951406</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-642716e16447c3f0a63534a4f099ab92a0416cf640f90d51505041d10249434b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkU1P3DAQhi0EAko5cq0scaGHgL-DjyiiUGlRV7TlGjmOXbw48dZ2kPbS316vlvKlag4zmnne8cgvAEcYnVIq0ZlbDIlwQjERTGyBfcwIqRAS9fareg98SGmBEKGEy12wR6U4Z5TX--DPpbVG5wSDhfPgV49uXHnY3PsQXW_gyfyu-QxvnI5h6VXKTsO5iiV5UyQjvJryZtq5kBVswrAMyWVXRmrs4bVRPt_D71nlKUE3wlvVdS7DmXs0KQf98BHsWOWTOXzKB-Dnl8sfzXU1-3b1tbmYVZpimivBSI2FwYKxWlOLlKCcMsUsklJ1kijEsNBWMGQl6jnmiJdOjxFhklHW0QNwstm7jOH3VN5uB5e08V6NJkyppZgJiXld1wU9focuwhTHct2aYlhKUvMX6pfypnWjDTkqvV7aXpwXhmOGRKFO_0OV6M3gdBiNdaX_RlBtBOVLU4rGtsvoBhVXLUbt2u_2jd-F__R07NQNpn-m_xlM_wIvgKLX</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3144199275</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Microplastic Particles on Gut Microbiota Composition and Health Status in Rabbit Livestock</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Papp, Péter P ; Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett ; Libisch, Balázs ; Keresztény, Tibor ; Gerőcs, Annamária ; Posta, Katalin ; Hiripi, László ; Hegyi, Anna ; Gócza, Elen ; Szőke, Zsuzsanna ; Olasz, Ferenc</creator><creatorcontrib>Papp, Péter P ; Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett ; Libisch, Balázs ; Keresztény, Tibor ; Gerőcs, Annamária ; Posta, Katalin ; Hiripi, László ; Hegyi, Anna ; Gócza, Elen ; Szőke, Zsuzsanna ; Olasz, Ferenc</creatorcontrib><description>The widespread use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its entry into humans and livestock is of serious concern. In our study, we investigated the impact of PVC treatments on physiological, pathological, hormonal, and microbiota changes in female rabbits. Trend-like alterations in weight were observed in the spleen, liver, and kidney in both low (P1) and high dose (P2) PVC treatment groups. Histopathological examination revealed exfoliation of the intestinal mucosa in the treated groups compared to the control, and microplastic particles were penetrated and embedded in the spleen. Furthermore, both P1 and P2 showed increased 17-beta-estradiol (E2) hormone levels, indicating early sexual maturation. Moreover, the elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels suggest inflammatory reactions associated with PVC treatment. Genus-level analyses of the gut microbiota in group P2 showed several genera with increased or decreased abundance. In conclusion, significant or trend-like correlations were demonstrated between the PVC content of feed and physiological, pathological, and microbiota parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the broad-spectrum effects of PVC microplastic exposure in rabbits. These results highlight the potential health risks associated with PVC microplastic exposure, warranting further investigations in both animals and humans.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312646</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39684357</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animals ; Drinking water ; Estradiol - pharmacology ; Estrogen ; Feeds ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects ; Health aspects ; Inflammation ; Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology ; Kidneys ; Liver ; Livestock ; Livestock - microbiology ; Lymphatic system ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Microbiota ; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) ; Microplastics - toxicity ; Ovaries ; Pathogens ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Plastic pollution ; Polyvinyl Chloride ; Rabbits ; Small intestine ; Spleen ; Toxins</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2024-12, Vol.25 (23), p.12646</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-642716e16447c3f0a63534a4f099ab92a0416cf640f90d51505041d10249434b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9627-2400 ; 0009-0009-8366-9036 ; 0000-0003-2790-1741 ; 0000-0001-9302-1115 ; 0000-0002-4246-6605</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3144199275/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3144199275?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,25733,27903,27904,36991,36992,44569,74872</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39684357$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Papp, Péter P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Libisch, Balázs</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keresztény, Tibor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerőcs, Annamária</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Posta, Katalin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiripi, László</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hegyi, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gócza, Elen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Szőke, Zsuzsanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olasz, Ferenc</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Microplastic Particles on Gut Microbiota Composition and Health Status in Rabbit Livestock</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><description>The widespread use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its entry into humans and livestock is of serious concern. In our study, we investigated the impact of PVC treatments on physiological, pathological, hormonal, and microbiota changes in female rabbits. Trend-like alterations in weight were observed in the spleen, liver, and kidney in both low (P1) and high dose (P2) PVC treatment groups. Histopathological examination revealed exfoliation of the intestinal mucosa in the treated groups compared to the control, and microplastic particles were penetrated and embedded in the spleen. Furthermore, both P1 and P2 showed increased 17-beta-estradiol (E2) hormone levels, indicating early sexual maturation. Moreover, the elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels suggest inflammatory reactions associated with PVC treatment. Genus-level analyses of the gut microbiota in group P2 showed several genera with increased or decreased abundance. In conclusion, significant or trend-like correlations were demonstrated between the PVC content of feed and physiological, pathological, and microbiota parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the broad-spectrum effects of PVC microplastic exposure in rabbits. These results highlight the potential health risks associated with PVC microplastic exposure, warranting further investigations in both animals and humans.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Estradiol - pharmacology</subject><subject>Estrogen</subject><subject>Feeds</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Livestock - microbiology</subject><subject>Lymphatic system</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)</subject><subject>Microplastics - toxicity</subject><subject>Ovaries</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plastic pollution</subject><subject>Polyvinyl Chloride</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Small intestine</subject><subject>Spleen</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><issn>1422-0067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNptkU1P3DAQhi0EAko5cq0scaGHgL-DjyiiUGlRV7TlGjmOXbw48dZ2kPbS316vlvKlag4zmnne8cgvAEcYnVIq0ZlbDIlwQjERTGyBfcwIqRAS9fareg98SGmBEKGEy12wR6U4Z5TX--DPpbVG5wSDhfPgV49uXHnY3PsQXW_gyfyu-QxvnI5h6VXKTsO5iiV5UyQjvJryZtq5kBVswrAMyWVXRmrs4bVRPt_D71nlKUE3wlvVdS7DmXs0KQf98BHsWOWTOXzKB-Dnl8sfzXU1-3b1tbmYVZpimivBSI2FwYKxWlOLlKCcMsUsklJ1kijEsNBWMGQl6jnmiJdOjxFhklHW0QNwstm7jOH3VN5uB5e08V6NJkyppZgJiXld1wU9focuwhTHct2aYlhKUvMX6pfypnWjDTkqvV7aXpwXhmOGRKFO_0OV6M3gdBiNdaX_RlBtBOVLU4rGtsvoBhVXLUbt2u_2jd-F__R07NQNpn-m_xlM_wIvgKLX</recordid><startdate>20241201</startdate><enddate>20241201</enddate><creator>Papp, Péter P</creator><creator>Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett</creator><creator>Libisch, Balázs</creator><creator>Keresztény, Tibor</creator><creator>Gerőcs, Annamária</creator><creator>Posta, Katalin</creator><creator>Hiripi, László</creator><creator>Hegyi, Anna</creator><creator>Gócza, Elen</creator><creator>Szőke, Zsuzsanna</creator><creator>Olasz, Ferenc</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-2400</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8366-9036</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-1741</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-1115</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4246-6605</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241201</creationdate><title>Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Microplastic Particles on Gut Microbiota Composition and Health Status in Rabbit Livestock</title><author>Papp, Péter P ; Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett ; Libisch, Balázs ; Keresztény, Tibor ; Gerőcs, Annamária ; Posta, Katalin ; Hiripi, László ; Hegyi, Anna ; Gócza, Elen ; Szőke, Zsuzsanna ; Olasz, Ferenc</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-642716e16447c3f0a63534a4f099ab92a0416cf640f90d51505041d10249434b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Estradiol - pharmacology</topic><topic>Estrogen</topic><topic>Feeds</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>Livestock - microbiology</topic><topic>Lymphatic system</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)</topic><topic>Microplastics - toxicity</topic><topic>Ovaries</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Plastic pollution</topic><topic>Polyvinyl Chloride</topic><topic>Rabbits</topic><topic>Small intestine</topic><topic>Spleen</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Papp, Péter P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Libisch, Balázs</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keresztény, Tibor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerőcs, Annamária</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Posta, Katalin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiripi, László</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hegyi, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gócza, Elen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Szőke, Zsuzsanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olasz, Ferenc</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Papp, Péter P</au><au>Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett</au><au>Libisch, Balázs</au><au>Keresztény, Tibor</au><au>Gerőcs, Annamária</au><au>Posta, Katalin</au><au>Hiripi, László</au><au>Hegyi, Anna</au><au>Gócza, Elen</au><au>Szőke, Zsuzsanna</au><au>Olasz, Ferenc</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Microplastic Particles on Gut Microbiota Composition and Health Status in Rabbit Livestock</atitle><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><date>2024-12-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>12646</spage><pages>12646-</pages><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><eissn>1422-0067</eissn><abstract>The widespread use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its entry into humans and livestock is of serious concern. In our study, we investigated the impact of PVC treatments on physiological, pathological, hormonal, and microbiota changes in female rabbits. Trend-like alterations in weight were observed in the spleen, liver, and kidney in both low (P1) and high dose (P2) PVC treatment groups. Histopathological examination revealed exfoliation of the intestinal mucosa in the treated groups compared to the control, and microplastic particles were penetrated and embedded in the spleen. Furthermore, both P1 and P2 showed increased 17-beta-estradiol (E2) hormone levels, indicating early sexual maturation. Moreover, the elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels suggest inflammatory reactions associated with PVC treatment. Genus-level analyses of the gut microbiota in group P2 showed several genera with increased or decreased abundance. In conclusion, significant or trend-like correlations were demonstrated between the PVC content of feed and physiological, pathological, and microbiota parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the broad-spectrum effects of PVC microplastic exposure in rabbits. These results highlight the potential health risks associated with PVC microplastic exposure, warranting further investigations in both animals and humans.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39684357</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms252312646</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-2400</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8366-9036</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-1741</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-1115</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4246-6605</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1422-0067
ispartof International journal of molecular sciences, 2024-12, Vol.25 (23), p.12646
issn 1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3146915777
source Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central
subjects Analysis
Animals
Drinking water
Estradiol - pharmacology
Estrogen
Feeds
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects
Health aspects
Inflammation
Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects
Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
Kidneys
Liver
Livestock
Livestock - microbiology
Lymphatic system
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Microplastics - toxicity
Ovaries
Pathogens
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Plastic pollution
Polyvinyl Chloride
Rabbits
Small intestine
Spleen
Toxins
title Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Microplastic Particles on Gut Microbiota Composition and Health Status in Rabbit Livestock
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T17%3A41%3A41IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effects%20of%20Polyvinyl%20Chloride%20(PVC)%20Microplastic%20Particles%20on%20Gut%20Microbiota%20Composition%20and%20Health%20Status%20in%20Rabbit%20Livestock&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20molecular%20sciences&rft.au=Papp,%20P%C3%A9ter%20P&rft.date=2024-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=12646&rft.pages=12646-&rft.issn=1422-0067&rft.eissn=1422-0067&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijms252312646&rft_dat=%3Cgale_proqu%3EA819951406%3C/gale_proqu%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-642716e16447c3f0a63534a4f099ab92a0416cf640f90d51505041d10249434b3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=3144199275&rft_id=info:pmid/39684357&rft_galeid=A819951406&rfr_iscdi=true