Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Trigonella foenum-graecum : formulations, characterizations, and application in wound healing

• Published in: Drug development and industrial pharmacy 2024-11, Vol.50 (11), p.927
• Main Authors: Al-Subaiyel, Amal, Abdellatif, Ahmed A H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Green Chemistry Technology - methods; Male; Metal Nanoparticles - administration & dosage; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Particle Size; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seeds - chemistry; Silver - administration & dosage; Silver - chemistry; Skin - drug effects; Skin - metabolism; Skin - pathology; Trigonella - chemistry; Wound Healing - drug effects
• ISSN: 1520-5762; 1520-5762
• DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2431934

Due to the toxicity and serious side effects of chemical incorporated in topical dosage form used for treatment of wound healing, there is a need to use natural preparation as wound healing preparation. Seeds of (TFG) are used to synthesize eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (SNPs) in an appropriate way to heal wounds. To synthesize SNPs, TFG was incubated with AgNO to produce SNP-TFG. The obtained SNP-TFG was characterized for their wavelength, size and ζ-potential, surface morphology, and yield production. Then, SNP-TFG was formulated as a topical cream (O/W), characterized, and applied to the rats' groups to examine its wound-healing activity. Finally, a skin biopsy was performed to assess all rats' immunostaining and histopathological (HP) alterations in skin lesions on days 3, 7, 10, and 14. The prepared SNP-TFG showed non-aggregated nano-formulation, with a λ of 396 nm. SNP-TFG recorded a size of 43.65 ± 2.1 nm, a charge of -15.03 ± 3.2 mV, and showed yield of 52.61 ± 1.41% while the release was continued for more than 12 h. During the biosynthesis process, the compounds present in TFG are capable of reducing silver ions (Ag ) to form SNPs. SNP-TFG cream showed a pH nearly equal to the skin's pH, with suitable viscosity and homogeneity and an apparent permeability of 0.009 ± 0.001. Further, the HP of the SNP-TFG showed a substantial reduction in wound mass, wound granulation tissue growth enhancement, and epidermal re-epithelialization (proliferation) compared to the control group. The obtained SNP-TFG is considered a novel skin wound-healing natural and eco-friendly nano-formulation.