Physicochemical and functional properties of a novel clodronate-containing chelating gel: A comparative in vitro study

• Published in: International endodontic journal 2024-12
• Main Authors: Wright, Patricia P, Diamond, Elise S, Selvaprithiviraj, Vignesh, Peters, Ove A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1365-2591; 1365-2591
• DOI: 10.1111/iej.14185

All commercial chelating gels contain EDTA which reacts chemically with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). This research aimed to develop a non-EDTA clodronate gel and to measure physicochemical and functional gel properties of the novel and commercial gels. A 1.37 M clodronate gel was made by combining polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 and tetrasodium clodronate. File-Eze™, Glyde™, Odontoprep®, RC-Prep®, SlickGel™ ES and the clodronate gel were tested in pH, density and viscosity experiments. pH: A pH meter was used at 23°C. Viscosity: A rheometer recorded viscosity at a shear rate of 10/s at 35°C. Free available chlorine (FAC): NaOCl reactivity with the clodronate gel was compared to a 4% NaOCl control by measuring FAC with iodometric titration. Tissue Dissolution: File-Eze, Glyde, RC-Prep and clodronate gel mixtures with 4% NaOCl, PBS (phosphate buffered saline) (negative control) and 4% NaOCl (positive control) were tested. Percentage weight losses of porcine palatal mucosa were recorded over 5 min at 35°C. Smear Layer Removal (SLR): Scanning electron micrography and ImageJ software assessed the SLR ability of File-Eze, Glyde, RC-Prep, clodronate gel, PBS (negative control) and 15% EDTA (positive control) by calculating the area fraction percentage of the image occupied by open dentinal tubules (AF%). pH: Values ranged from 5.78 ± 0.09 (RC-Prep) to 11.34 ± 0.05 (clodronate gel). Viscosity: Ranges were 6390 ± 290 (File-Eze) to 714 ± 50 mPa.s (Odontoprep). FAC: The clodronate gel differed significantly from 4% NaOCl (p