Taguchi L9 (34) Orthogonal Array Design for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye by Green ZnO Particles Biosynthesized by Chrysanthemum spp. Flower Extract

The pollution of synthetic dyes in wastewater exerts many negative impacts on the environment and human health. There is an increasing demand for the degradation of dyes, with an emphasis on photocatalysis. Here, we investigated the bio-mediated synthesis of ZnO using Chrysanthemum spp. flower extra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water (Basel) 2023-06, Vol.15 (12), p.2186
Main Authors: Tran, Thuan Van, Alsaiari, Mabkhoot, Harraz, Farid A., Nabgan, Walid, Nguyen, Dinh Tien Dung, Nguyen, Chi Van
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biosynthesis
Chrysanthemum
Clean energy
Degradation
Design
Design optimization
Dyes
Efficiency
energy
experimental design
Flavonoids
flower extracts
Flowers & plants
human health
Irradiation
Methods
Methylene blue
Nanoparticles
Optimization
Orthogonal arrays
Photocatalysis
Photodegradation
Pollutants
pollution
Polyphenols
Radiation
Reaction mechanisms
reactive oxygen species
solar radiation
Spectrum analysis
Taguchi methods
Ultrasonic imaging
Wastewater
Wastewater pollution
water
Zinc oxide
Zinc oxides
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Summary:The pollution of synthetic dyes in wastewater exerts many negative impacts on the environment and human health. There is an increasing demand for the degradation of dyes, with an emphasis on photocatalysis. Here, we investigated the bio-mediated synthesis of ZnO using Chrysanthemum spp. flower extract and its utilization for the removal of methylene blue dye under sunlight irradiation. The bandgap energy of green ZnO nanoparticles was determined to be 3.0. The Taguchi L9 (34) orthogonal array design was applied to optimize the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by green ZnO particles. Four parameters, including the initial concentration (10–50 mg/L), ZnO dosage (0.33–1.0 mg), contact time (30–120 min), and pH (4–10) of the solution, were surveyed based on the Taguchi design. We found that the test result (99.0%) at 10 mg/L was almost equivalent to the predicted value (99.5%) of degradation efficiency. The reaction mechanisms shed light on the major role of reactive oxygen species (•O2−, •OH). More importantly, the green ZnO particles could be reused for at least five cycles and demonstrated high stability.
ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w15122186