Pyrene Derivative Incorporated Ni MOF as an Enzyme Mimic for Noninvasive Salivary Glucose Detection Toward Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

• Published in: ACS applied materials & interfaces 2024-04, Vol.16 (14), p.17219-17231
• Main Authors: Shabanur Matada, Mallikarjuna Swamy, Kuppuswamy, Guru Prasad, Sasi, Sheethal, Velappa Jayaraman, Surya, Nutalapati, Venkatramaiah, Senthil Kumar, Shanmugam, Sivalingam, Yuvaraj
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ascorbic acid; Biological and Medical Applications of Materials and Interfaces; coordination polymers; detection limit; diabetes mellitus; electrodes; enzyme kinetics; enzymes; fructose; glucose; humans; maltose; nickel; phosphates; phosphorous acid; saliva; sodium chloride; sucrose; transistors; uric acid
• ISSN: 1944-8244; 1944-8252; 1944-8252
• DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19431

Herein, we demonstrate the detection of glucose in a noninvasive and nonenzymatic manner by utilizing an extended gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) based on the organic molecule pyrene phosphonic acid (PyP4OH8) incorporated nickel metal–organic framework (NiOM‑MOF). The prepared electrode responds selectively to glucose instead of sucrose, fructose, maltose, ascorbic acid, and uric acid in a 1× phosphate buffer saline solution. Also, utilizing the scanning Kelvin probe system, the sensing electrode’s work function (Φ) is measured to validate the glucose-sensing mechanism. The sensitivity, detection range, response time, limit of detection, and limit of quantification of the electrode are determined to be 24.5 μA mM–1 cm–2, 20 μM to 10 mM, less than 5 s, 2.73 μM, and 8.27 μM, respectively. Most interestingly, the developed electrode follows the Michaelis–Menten kinetics, and the calculated rate constant (k m) 0.07 mM indicates a higher affinity of NiOM‑MOF toward glucose. The real-time analysis has revealed that the prepared electrode is sensitive to detect glucose in real human saliva, and it can be an alternative device for the noninvasive detection of glucose. Overall, the outcomes of the EGFET studies demonstrate that the prepared electrodes are well-suited for expeditious detection of glucose levels in saliva.