Two-Coordinate Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Coinage Metal Complexes: Molecular Design, Photophysical Characters, and Device Application

Since the emergence of the first green light emission from a fluorescent thin-film organic light emitting diode (OLED) in the mid-1980s, a global consumer market for OLED displays has flourished over the past few decades. This growth can primarily be attributed to the development of noble metal phos...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical reviews 2024-04, Vol.124 (7), p.4332-4392
Main Authors: Li, Tian-Yi, Zheng, Shu-Jia, Djurovich, Peter I., Thompson, Mark E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
color
Coordination compounds
Copper
cost effectiveness
diodes
Displays
Emitters
Excitons
Fluorescence
Gold
green light
Image quality
Light emission
markets
Metal complexes
Molecular structure
Noble metals
Organic light emitting diodes
Phosphorescence
Thin films
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Summary:Since the emergence of the first green light emission from a fluorescent thin-film organic light emitting diode (OLED) in the mid-1980s, a global consumer market for OLED displays has flourished over the past few decades. This growth can primarily be attributed to the development of noble metal phosphorescent emitters that facilitated remarkable gains in electrical conversion efficiency, a broadened color gamut, and vibrant image quality for OLED displays. Despite these achievements, the limited abundance of noble metals in the Earth’s crust has spurred ongoing efforts to discover cost-effective electroluminescent materials. One particularly promising avenue is the exploration of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), a mechanism with the potential to fully harness excitons in OLEDs. Recently, investigations have unveiled TADF in a series of two-coordinate coinage metal (Cu, Ag, and Au) complexes. These organometallic TADF materials exhibit distinctive behavior in comparison to their organic counterparts. They offer benefits such as tunable emissive colors, short TADF emission lifetimes, high luminescent quantum yields, and reasonable stability. Impressively, both vacuum-deposited and solution-processed OLEDs incorporating these materials have achieved outstanding performance. This review encompasses various facets on two-coordinate TADF coinage metal complexes, including molecular design, photophysical characterizations, elucidation of structure–property relationships, and OLED applications.
ISSN:0009-2665
1520-6890
1520-6890
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00761