Dynamics of Rye Translocation Frequency in Genotypes of Cultivars of Russian Common Wheat Triticum aestivum L

• Published in: Russian journal of genetics 2023-06, Vol.59 (6), p.558-567
• Main Authors: Fisenko, A. V., Lyapunova, O. A., Zuev, E. V., Novoselskaya-Dragovich, A. Yu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alleles; allelic variation; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; cultivars; grain quality; Human Genetics; introgression; loci; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; pathogens; Plant Genetics; powdery mildew; Russia; rye; spring; stem rust; Triticum aestivum; virulence; wheat
• ISSN: 1022-7954; 1608-3369
• DOI: 10.1134/S1022795423050058

In wheat breeding, cultivars with 1RS/1BL and 1RS/1AL translocations have been widely used due to their high complex resistance owing to resistance genes on 1RS chromosomes. Abundant data on the emergence of new virulent pathogen types and on 1RS-localized genes losing their protective properties made it relevant to address the issue of the prospects of using both rye translocations in modern breeding programs. In addition, the use of different genetic sources of rye chromosome 1RS in introgressive hybridization created a need to study the diversity of 1RS linkage groups. We investigated the dynamics of the rye translocation frequency in genotypes of 240 Russian common wheat cultivars from three breeding centers in Russia. Multiple alleles of the 1RS-specific genes of storage proteins were used to mark 1RS chromosome. It was revealed that 1RS resistance genes were still effective against a number of pathogens, in particular, against powdery mildew and stem rust agents. The dynamics of changes in grain quality of cultivars with TR:1RS/1BL were assessed. It was confirmed that grain quality of winter cultivars has been significantly improving since 2000s and that the presence of TR:1RS/1BL in genotypes of spring cultivars does not prevent the production of high-quality grain. It was shown that, as a result of these processes, accumulation of TR:1RS/1BL over time was occurring in all three breeding centers. High allelic diversity of the secalin-coding locus ( Gli-B1 ) on rye chromosome 1RS was shown. However, all wheat cultivars with TR:1RS/1BL, regardless of the origin of 1RS, carried the same allele. Possible reasons for this uniformity are discussed. No 1RS/1AL translocation was detected in the varieties we studied, and possible causes of this are discussed.